Metabolism

Question 1

define metabolism

Answer 1

describes all chemical activities that support life in all cells and organisms

Question 2

how do cyanobacteria harness energy

Answer 2

from sunlight

Question 3

define chemotrophs, phototrophs, heterotrophs, autotrophs

Answer 3

chemotrophs : chemical energy
phototrophs: light energy
heterotrophs : need preformed organic nutrients
autotrophs: synthesise from CO2

Question 4

write the equation for phototrophs

Answer 4

6CO2+6H2O —->LIGHT ENERGY—-> C6H1206+6O2

light energy splits H20. electrons go to CO2, O2 is released, simple sugar is created

Question 5

write and describe the equation for chemotrophs

Answer 5

C6H12O6 + 602 ——–> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

involves oxidation of simple sugar. electrons are passed to O2 = H20 and CO2
uses O2 to make energy
utilises a simple sugar

Question 6

define metabolome and metabolomics

Answer 6

metabolome: term for all the metabolites in a cell or system

metabolomics: systemic characteristics of metabolome including under specific conditions

Question 7

list the cell energies needed for catabolic pathways

Answer 7

ATP, NADH, NADPH, FADH2

Question 8

list the energies needed for anabolic pathways

Answer 8

ATP, NADH, NADPH, FADH2

Question 9

name some metabolic diseases

Answer 9

diabetes, cancers, neurodegeneration, heart disease, infection, inflammation, immunological dysfunction

Question 10

how is metabolomics used in disease

Answer 10

used to elucidate and understand disease:
- disease mechanism
- novel drug targets/biomarkers/ diagnostics for disease
- predicting drug responses/mechanism
- precision treatment of patients