Metabolism Flashcards
totality of all the chemical
reactions that take place in a
living cell by which the body
breaks down and builds up
molecules
Metabolism
the fluid portion of the cell,is involved in anaerobic metabolism
Cytosol
Play a key role in aerobic energy production
Mitochondria
any metabolic process whereby cells
break down complex substances into
simpler, smaller ones, more basic
molecules
Catabolic Reactions
any metabolic process whereby cells
break down complex substances into
simpler, smaller ones, more basic
molecules
Catabolic Reactions
any metabolic process whereby
cells convert simple substances into
more complex ones.
Anabolic Reactions
any metabolic process whereby
cells convert simple substances into
more complex ones.
Anabolic Reactions
How Does the Body Fuel
Metabolism?
-Disassembles macronutrients
-Builds new compounds
-Transforms compounds to adenosine
triphosphate (ATP)
Two Discrete
Groups of
Pathways
- Energy Conversion
Pathways (RED) - Metabolite Synthesis
and Degradation
Pathways (BLUE)
Energy Conversion Pathways
- Glycolysis
- Citrate Cycle / TCA cycle
- Oxidative Phosphorylation or
Electron Transport Chain - Photosynthesis and Carbon Fixation
Metabolite Degradation Pathways
- Fatty Acid Degradation: Beta-Oxidation
- Gluconeogenesis
The enzyme salivary amylase begins breaking down starch into shorter polysaccharides.
Mouth
Salivary amylase is inactivated and no further carbohydrate digestion occurs.
Stomach
Fiber and other indigestible carbohydrates are partially broken down by bacteria to form short chain fatty acids and gas. The remaining fiber is excreted in the feces.
Large intestine
Majority of starch digestion and breakdown of disaccharides occur here. The enzyme pancreatic amylase breaks down starch into monosaccharides, disaccharides, and oligosaccharides.
Small intestine