Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

totality of all the chemical
reactions that take place in a
living cell by which the body
breaks down and builds up
molecules

A

Metabolism

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2
Q

the fluid portion of the cell,is involved in anaerobic metabolism

A

Cytosol

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3
Q

Play a key role in aerobic energy production

A

Mitochondria

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4
Q

any metabolic process whereby cells
break down complex substances into
simpler, smaller ones, more basic
molecules

A

Catabolic Reactions

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5
Q

any metabolic process whereby cells
break down complex substances into
simpler, smaller ones, more basic
molecules

A

Catabolic Reactions

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6
Q

any metabolic process whereby
cells convert simple substances into
more complex ones.

A

Anabolic Reactions

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7
Q

any metabolic process whereby
cells convert simple substances into
more complex ones.

A

Anabolic Reactions

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8
Q

How Does the Body Fuel
Metabolism?

A

-Disassembles macronutrients
-Builds new compounds
-Transforms compounds to adenosine
triphosphate (ATP)

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9
Q

Two Discrete
Groups of
Pathways

A
  1. Energy Conversion
    Pathways (RED)
  2. Metabolite Synthesis
    and Degradation
    Pathways (BLUE)
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10
Q

Energy Conversion Pathways

A
  1. Glycolysis
  2. Citrate Cycle / TCA cycle
  3. Oxidative Phosphorylation or
    Electron Transport Chain
  4. Photosynthesis and Carbon Fixation
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11
Q

Metabolite Degradation Pathways

A
  1. Fatty Acid Degradation: Beta-Oxidation
  2. Gluconeogenesis
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12
Q

The enzyme salivary amylase begins breaking down starch into shorter polysaccharides.

A

Mouth

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13
Q

Salivary amylase is inactivated and no further carbohydrate digestion occurs.

A

Stomach

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14
Q

Fiber and other indigestible carbohydrates are partially broken down by bacteria to form short chain fatty acids and gas. The remaining fiber is excreted in the feces.

A

Large intestine

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15
Q

Majority of starch digestion and breakdown of disaccharides occur here. The enzyme pancreatic amylase breaks down starch into monosaccharides, disaccharides, and oligosaccharides.

A

Small intestine

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16
Q

is completed by the enzymes attached to the brush border of the small intestinal villi. Here, the disaccharides and oligosaccharides are broken down into monosaccharides

A

The digestion of carbohydrates

17
Q

→ Conversion of glucose to
pyruvate that involves 10
steps of enzymatic
reactions
→ is reversible
via gluconeogenesis

A

Glycolysis