Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Metabolism

A

How cells use energy to build, break apart, store and release substances in a controlled manner

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2
Q

What r the 2 types of reactions in metabolism

A

Catabolism & Anabolism

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3
Q

Catabolism

A

Breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones; releasing energy in the process

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4
Q

Anabolism

A

Consume energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones

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5
Q

Thermodynamics

A

Balancing energy that is transferred between molecules (input, output)

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6
Q

1st law

A

Energy in the universe is constant; cannot be made or destroyed

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7
Q

2nd law

A

Energy transformations are inefficient; they increase the entropy of universe (changes quality not quantity)

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8
Q

Energy

A

Capacity to do work

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9
Q

What type of energy do your cells need to do work ?

A

ATP- glucose/food

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10
Q

What does ATP consist of

A

Sugar, base, 3 phosphate groups

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11
Q

Phosphorylation

A

The chemical attachment of phosphorus to another molecule

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12
Q

Substrate level phosphorylation

A

Transfer of a phosphate group to ADP, forming ATP

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13
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation

A

ATP production from the transfer of electrons in electron transport chain

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14
Q

3 classes of work that need ATP

A

-mechanical energy
-transport work
-chemical work

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15
Q

Mechanical work

A

Contraction of muscle cell, beating of flagellum

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16
Q

Transport work

A

Transporting substances in and out the cell, against con. gradient

17
Q

Chemical work

A

Making polymers from monomers

18
Q

Co factor

A

Helps enzymes transferring electrons, ions or functional groups from one site to another

19
Q

Cellular respiration

A

Process by which cells break down glucose to produce energy in from of ATP

20
Q

Fermentation

A

generating chemical energy in the absence of oxygen
-Limits CR to Glycolysis
-partial oxidation

21
Q

redox reactions

A

reactions where electrons get transferred from one atom to another

22
Q

ATP can also be produced by…

A

Fermentation

23
Q

what can fermentation produce

A

-ethyl alcohol or lactic acids
(both anaerobic)

24
Q

anaerobic

A

no oxygen needed to produce energy

25
Q

aerobic

A

oxygen needed to produce energy