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Geomicrobiology > Metabolism > Flashcards

Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

autotrophs

A

can fix inorganic carbon to organic carbon

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2
Q

endoliths

A

organism that lives in pore space
limited by energy
surface=photosynthesis

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3
Q

organic carbon in the soil does what with depth

A

decreases

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4
Q

soil limitations

A

pH and water
light limits phototrophs

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5
Q

deep subsurface

A

permeable rock
living microbes found up to 5000m depth
slow growing anaerobic chemolitho

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6
Q

oceans limitations

A

photic zone has most of organisms as no light in the rest of the ocean limits organisms
availability of iron

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7
Q

Fresh water conditions

A

flow affects oxygen and carbon
variable mineral conditions
lakes are stagnate so have plumes of microorganisms

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8
Q

ATP

A

chemical energy carrier within a cell

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9
Q

metabolism

A

all biochemical processes within a cell

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10
Q

catabolism

A

degradative processes (oxidation)
creates energy
turns larger molecules in smaller ones +ATP
formation of energy from substrate

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11
Q

anabolism

A

biosythetic processes
formation of biomass
making larger molecules
requires energy

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12
Q

photosynthesis

A

doesnt produce or release energy it transforms energy
anabolic processes

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13
Q

fermentation how they get APT

A

use enzymes to transfer phosphoryl group directly from a substrate to ADP

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14
Q

PED

A

primary electron donor

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15
Q

TEA

A

terminal electron acceptor

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16
Q

electron transport chain (ETC)

A

sequence of redox reactions in a cell membrane that leads to ATP generation
having little reactions conserves heat/energy

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17
Q

enzymes are

A

biological catalysts
highly specialised

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18
Q

aerobic respiration TEA

A

oxygen

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19
Q

oxidative phosphorylation (used in respiration)

A

electron stripped from a reduced substrate (external donor)
PED transferred along an ETC to a TEA
PED &TEA happen outside the cell so effect surroundings

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20
Q

photophosphorylatin (used in photosynthesis)

A

electron activated by light and already there in the cell, then moves along the transport chain

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21
Q

the greater difference in electrode potential

A

the more steps there are in the ETC so less energy wasted and more energy produced

22
Q

why fermentation over respiration

A

no need for external TEA so redox reactions can occur internally regardless of external enviro

23
Q

why respiration over fermentation

A

more efficient as more ATP produced as lots of steps

24
Q

Facultative anaerobes

A

can use both aerobic and anaerobic
good in fluctuating environments

25
Q

chemohetertrophy

A

preformed molecules as energy source
organic compound as electron donor
organic carbon as carbon source

26
Q

chemohetertrophy processes

A

fermentation and respiration

27
Q

dissimilatory x reduction in order
naughty men in men’s suits melt

A

nitrate
manganese
iron
metals
sulfate
methanotrophs (consume methane)

28
Q

iron reduction

A

soils and sediments
iron can’t cross cell membrane
implicated in release of fe in anoxic ground water, degrade organic matter in sediment

29
Q

electron shuttles

A

organics compounds
speed up dissimilatory metal reduction reactions

30
Q

bioremediation

A

reduced uranium is much less soluble
iron reducers can help

31
Q

methanogenesis

A

metabolism of last resort
water logged soils, tundra ect
can only break down v simple carbon
use enzymes instead of ETC

32
Q

chemolithoautotrophy

A

carbon source co2 (usually)

33
Q

why is lithoauto less energetically favourable than hetero

A

electron donors required for ATP and co2 fixation
hetero produces more energy
Biomass yield per mole of substrate oxidized is much lower for lithoauto

34
Q

lithoauto TEA

A

usually o2 but can be nitrate mn fe sulfur

35
Q

lithoauto hydrogen oxidizers
happy men’s suits in many nuns

A

most widespread lithoauto and most efficient energy yield
PED-hydrogen

36
Q

lithoauto methanogens
(genesis)

A

form/oxidise methane
widespread where stable source of CH4

37
Q

lithoauto sulphur oxidizers
gradient

A

oxygen gradient enviro (small amounts of o)
neutral pH
enough reduces sulfur
sulfur springs, microbial mats, low o2 seawater, sewage polluted freshwater

38
Q

lithoauto sulfur oxidzers
acidophiles
Enviro
Pedro tea
Microbe

A

acid rich enviro
H2S most common PED, O2 most common TEA
acidothiobacillus

39
Q

beggiatoa

A

sulfur oxidizers- gradient
need enough reduced sulfur and are found in low O envrio

40
Q

lithoauto iron oxidizers
neutrophiles

A

require O2 but don’t need much
gallionella ferruginea

41
Q

lithoauto nitrogen oxidizers

ped& tea

A

PED -NH4+ (goes to NO3-)
TEA -O2
nitrifying bacteria

42
Q

abiotic and biotic oxidation

A

chemical species could be oxidised abiotically by O but at low O or pH abiotic oxidation is very slow so microorganisms speed it up

43
Q

Phototrophs

A

using solar energy to synthesis organic molecules
electron donors used for anabolism so no primary electron donors

44
Q

photosynthesis how does it work

A

light sensitive pigments transform light energy into chemical energy

45
Q

light reaction in photo

A

light energy absorbed by pigment molecules and transformed into ATP

46
Q

dark reactions in photo

A

chemical reactions in
photosynthesis that don’t require light, including CO2-fixation (autotrophy) and N2-fixation

47
Q

oxic/anoxic, oxygenic/anoxygenic, aerobic/anaerobic

A

enviroment
processes
organism

48
Q

anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria

A

categorised by pigment and type of reductant (electron donor)
non sulfur- like small amounts of sulfur but don’t need it

49
Q

purple bacteria

A

allows them to live in deeper water where IR rad filtered out
stratified lake or marine waters
sulfur electron donor-H2S
nonsulfur-hetero (not to much H2S)

50
Q

green sulfur bacteria

A

anareobic
electron donors-inorganic sulfur compounds
sulfur rich envrioments
lower layers of microbial mats or shallow marine sediments

51
Q

green nonsulfur bacteria

A

aerobic hetero or anaerobic auto
electron donor-sulfides or H2
hot springs, microbial mats and hypersaline environments

Geomicrobiology (8 decks)

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