Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biochemistry > METABOLISM > Flashcards

METABOLISM Flashcards

Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, etc.

1
Q

What are anabolic pathways?

A

biosynthetic, reductive

build complex molecules from simpler ones and typically need an input of energy.

require:
- an energy source
- reducing equivalents - source of H+ (e.g NADPH, NADH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What are catabolic pathways?

A

degradative, oxidative

involve the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones and typically release energy.

provide:
- energy
- reducing equivalents
- precursors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

STAGE 1 OF GLYCOLYSIS

A

1) Glucose receives a phosphate group from ATP - irreversible

2) Hexokinase catalyses the change from glucose to Glucose-6-phosphate

3) Phosphoglucose isomerase catalyses the isomerising of Glucose-6-phosphate into Fructose-6-phosphate

4) Phosphofructokinase catalyses the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phophate into fructose-1,6-biphosphate (rate-limiting step)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

STAGE 2 OF GLYCOLYSIS

A

1) Fructose-1,6-biphosphate is split into two 3-carbon molecules

  • Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GP)
  • Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What catalyses Fructose 1,6-biphosphate to Glyceraldehyde

A

Aldolase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What catalyses Fructose-1,6-biphosphate to Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

A

trios phosphate isomerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

STAGE 3 OF GLYCOLYSIS

G-3-p to … catalysed by…

A

1,3-biphosphoglycerate by G-3-P dehydrogenase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

1,3-biphosphoglycerate to …. by ….. generating ….

A

3-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglycerate kinase

  • generates ATP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

phosphoenolypyruvate to …. by… generating….

A

pyruvate by pyruvate kinase

  • generates ATP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ATP produced in glycolysis

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

First reaction in the citric acid cycle

A

aldol condensation reaction followed by hydrolysis
oxaloacetate to citrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what catalyses the reaction of oxaloacetate to citrate

A

citrate synthase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Second reaction in the citric acid cycle

A

citrate to isocitrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the intermediate? (citrate to isocitrate)

A

cis-aconitate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Second reaction in the citric acid cycle is catalysed by…

A

aconitase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Aconitase? How does it work?

A

An iron-sulphur protein used in the two-part second reaction of the citric acid cycle.

  • one of the iron atoms binds to the citrate
  • facilitates the dehydration/hydration reactions
16
Q

Third reaction in the citric acid cycle

A

isocitrate to oxalosuccinate to alpha-ketogluterate

catalysed to isocitrate dehydrogenase

17
Q

Fourth reaction in the citric acid cycle

A

alpha-ketoglucerate to succinylcholine coa

catalysed by a-ketoglucerate dehydrogenase complex

production of NADH

18
Q

Fifth reaction in the citric acid cycle

A

succinyl CoA to Succinate

catalysed by succinyl CoA synthase
production of CoA + GTP

19
Q

Sixth reaction in the citric acid cycle

A

succinate to fumirate

catalysed by succinate dehydrogenase

key step in production of FADH2

20
Q

7th reaction in the citric acid cycle

A

fumerate to malate

catalysed by fumerase

21
Q

8th reaction in the citric acid cycle

A

malate to oxaloacetate

catalysed by malate dehydrogenase

key step in the production of NADH

22
Q

What is type of reaction does PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE have

A

irreversible reaction

23
Q

Isocitrate dehydrogenase is inhibited by …

A

ATP and NADH

24
Q

A-ketogluterate dehydrogenase is inhibited by …

A

ATP, succinyl CoA and NADH

25
Q

Pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited by …

A

ATP, acetyl CoA and NADH

26
Q

Arsenic and Mercury inhibit Citric Acid Cycle. How?

A

inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by inactivating the dihydrolipomide component of the transacetylase

27
Q

Overall reaction of Citric Acid Cycle

A

Acetyl CoA + (3NAD+) + FAD + GDP + Pi ——> 2CO2 + 3NADH + FADH2 + GTP + CoA

28
Q

Product yields in citric acid cycle

CO2

A

2

29
Q

Product yields in citric acid cycle

GTP

A

1

30
Q

Product yields in citric acid cycle

NADH

A

3 (six electrons)

31
Q

Product yields in citric acid cycle

FADH2

A

1 (two electrons)

32
Q

Citric acid cycle location in eukaryotic cell

A

mitochondrial matrix

33
Q

Citric acid cycle location in prokaryotic cell

A

cytoplasm (mesosomes)

34
Q

ATP YIELD FROM OXIDATION OF PALMITATE

A

Net yield of 106 ATP

8 acetyl CoA - 8 X 10 ATP = 80 ATP
7 NADH - 7 X 2.5 ATP = 17.5 ATP
7 FADH2 - 7 X 1.5 ATP = 10.5 ATP

108 ATP - 2 ATP (cost of activation to palmitoyl-CoA)

35
Q

Function of the carnitine shuttle

A

used to transport fatty acyl coA from the cytoplasm to the mitochondrial matrix

36
Q

Does the carnitine shuttle require ATP AND NADPH?

A

no.

Requires no chemical energy supply

37
Q

What inhibits the carnitine shuttle?

A

Malonyl-CoA

38
Q
A

Biochemistry (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions