Metabolism Flashcards
Metabolism definition
sum of all chemical reactions occurring within the cells of the body
Goal of metabolism
Maintain a constant source of energy for the body
Polysaccharides
Complex carbs
Monosaccharides
Simple sugars (mostly glucose)
What is the primary energy source of the body
Glucose
What is excess glucose stored as
glycogen
Where is glycogen stored
Liver and muscle
What is glucose converted into once glycogen stores are full
fatty acids and glycerol
What does glycerol get converted to in storage
Triglycerides
How many essential amino acids are there
9
How many non-essential amino acids are there
11
What are essential amino acids
Amino acids that aren’t created by the body
Extra amino acids are converted to
Glucose and fatty acids (fatty acids eventually stored as triglycerides)
Three types of fats
Triglycerides, monoglycerides, and free fatty acids
Excess circulating fatty acids are incorporated into
triglycerides
Where are triglycerides stored
mostly adipose tissue (fat), some muscle
Stages of energy use in the body
Glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, ketogenesis
Glycogenolysis time
1 hour after eating
Gluconeogenesis time
5 hours after eating
Ketogenesis time
10-12 hours after eating
Glycogenolysis definition
breakdown of glycogen into glucose (1-4 hours of fasting)
Gluconeogenesis definition
New creation of glucose from amino acids (3-12 hours of fasting)
Ketogenesis definition
fatty acid oxidation, creation of ketones from fatty acids (10+ hours of fasting)
Anabolism
Feeding/fed state
Buildup (synthesis) of larger organic macromolecules from smaller subunits