Metabolism Flashcards
What is metabolism
the sum of all chemical reactions in a cell or organim
Do all eukaryotes perform Photosynthesis
Not only plant structures and photosynthetic bacteria
What is the pathway
is a series of reactions catalyzed by a different enzyme to form a biological molecule. Imagine the process
Catabolic vs Anabolic
What breaks down molecules into small pieces and what using those small molecules
How does Photosynthesis become Anabolic
From using the molecules that were broken down into energy
Reversible phosphorylation is
The deattachment of phospate groups by kinases which is a an ennzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phospahete groups from high energy
Reversible phosphorylation is
The detachment of phosphate groups by kinases which is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate groups from high energy
Redox reactions
Oxidation- loss of electrons
Reduction-gain of electrons
What are always coupled
Oxidation and reduction
What principles govern metabolic pathway
Certain reactions occurring inside specific organelles. Can inhibited or activate the rate of the pathway
What has more free energy R or O
Reduction has more free energy because it gains electrons
What are the roles of NAD and O2 in a redox reaction
NAD accepts electrons O agent and O2 gives away electrons
The central of all metabolism
Glucose
Cellular respiration vs Fermentation
O2 present so it produces a lot of ATP
O2 is not present and doesn’t produce a lot od ATP
Four steps of cellular respiration
Glycolysis
Pyruvate oxidation
citric acid cycle and Electron transportation and oxidation
What can be broken down into two molecules
Pyruvate
What happens in the citric acid cycle
Oxidation, Exergonic and needs the redox of NAD or FAD
Glycolysis 2 major parts
They occur in the cytosol and is first is an energy investment phase
BUT the second is energy harvesting phase where ATP is produced twice
The products from Glycolysis
2 pyruvate
2NADH
2ATP
Types that get repeated in Glycolysis
Redox reactions and substrate levels
Name metabolic pathways can be regulated by
Allosteric, reversible covalent and gene expressions
Is FADH more efficient than NADH?
NO. its less efficient
What is oxalacetate
Lingers in the citric acid cycle. transfer of electrons
Fermentation is
the incomplete oxidation. Latic acid, ethanol and CO2
