Metabolism Flashcards
Anabolic? Require energy?
Smaller molecules to larger ones, building up. Requires energy or ATP
Catabolic? Require energy?
Large molecules to smaller molecules. Releases energy.
What process is connected with anabolism?
Dehydration
What process is connected with catabolism?
Hydrolysis
Lypolysis
Fat breakdown
Glycogenolysis
Breakdown of glucagon into glucose
Glycolysis
Breakdown of glucose into pyruvate
Define oxidation
Lose of hydrogen, gain of oxygen
Define reduction
Gain of hydrogen, loss of oxygen
Define glycogenesis
Storing glucose in liver as glycogen
Cellular respiration equation
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38ATP + heat
What step of the cellular respiration is reversible?
Glycolysis
Is glucose oxidized or reduced during glycolysis?
Oxidized, because it loses the H+ and goes to NADH
What are the 2 possible steps of glycolysis?
Glucose turns into 2 pyruvic acids OR
IF NO OXYGEN IS AVAILABLE the pyruvic acid turns into lactic acid
How many ATP & NADH are created during glycolysis?
2 ATP
2 NADH
How many ATP & NADH is produced in the formation of acetylCoA?
No ATP
2 NADH
How many ATP & NADH are produced in the krebs cycle?
6 NADH
2 ATP
ALSO 2 FADH2
AND 4 CO2
What is chemiosmosis
When the H+ produced moves to the cristae of the mitochondria from the matrix, making the cristae high in acidity. The H+ is pushed back with ADPase, making ATP
Where is H2O made and how many?
In the ETC, 6
What is made in the ETC?
34 ATP
6 H2O
Define Gluconeogenesis
Where glucose is made from non carbohydrate sources when glucose levels are low.
Ketogenesis
AcetylCoA are produced from fats, they bind creating ketones
Define keto acidosis
Elevated number of ketones
Define ketones
Ketones are made when fats are catabolism’s to create ATP (chains of acetylCoA)
Define urea
Excess amino groups that are removed in the liver and converted to a molecule
Define absorptive state
The four hours after a meal where food is absorbed and stored
Postabsorptive state
When no food is taken in, the stored food is used for ATP
What hormone is made during the absorptive state?
Insulin bc it provides glucose for consumption
3 lipoproteins
Chylomicrons
HDL
LDL
4 functions of the liver
Make bile
Filter blood
Clotting factors
Stores iron
BMR defined
The rate at which the body consumes oxygen at rest
Name 4 characteristics of enzymes
Speed up reactions
Catalyzes only 1 reaction
Has optimal pH and temp
Works by lock and key reaction
Define beta oxidation
Where fatty acids can be broken down and turned into acetylCoAs
Can fatty acids be turned into glucose?
No, bc In B- oxidation, it happens in the formation is acetylCoA & that is no reversible.
What do ketones in the body indicate?
Lipolysis is happening frequently in the body, which is the breakdown of fats
Define demination
Removing a NH2 group, takes it to the liver
The absorptive state uses what process with glucose
Glucogenesis (stores glucose as glycogen)
The post absorptive state uses what process with glucose
Glycogenoylsis(glycogen to glucose)
Gluconeogenesis(glucose from non carb sources)
