Metabolism

Question 1

Anabolic? Require energy?

Answer 1

Smaller molecules to larger ones, building up. Requires energy or ATP

Question 2

Catabolic? Require energy?

Answer 2

Large molecules to smaller molecules. Releases energy.

Question 3

What process is connected with anabolism?

Answer 3

Dehydration

Question 4

What process is connected with catabolism?

Answer 4

Hydrolysis

Question 5

Lypolysis

Answer 5

Fat breakdown

Question 6

Glycogenolysis

Answer 6

Breakdown of glucagon into glucose

Question 7

Glycolysis

Answer 7

Breakdown of glucose into pyruvate

Question 8

Define oxidation

Answer 8

Lose of hydrogen, gain of oxygen

Question 9

Define reduction

Answer 9

Gain of hydrogen, loss of oxygen

Question 10

Define glycogenesis

Answer 10

Storing glucose in liver as glycogen

Question 11

Cellular respiration equation

Answer 11

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38ATP + heat

Question 12

What step of the cellular respiration is reversible?

Answer 12

Glycolysis

Question 13

Is glucose oxidized or reduced during glycolysis?

Answer 13

Oxidized, because it loses the H+ and goes to NADH

Question 14

What are the 2 possible steps of glycolysis?

Answer 14

Glucose turns into 2 pyruvic acids OR

IF NO OXYGEN IS AVAILABLE the pyruvic acid turns into lactic acid

Question 15

How many ATP & NADH are created during glycolysis?

Answer 15

2 ATP

2 NADH

Question 16

How many ATP & NADH is produced in the formation of acetylCoA?

Answer 16

No ATP

2 NADH

Question 17

How many ATP & NADH are produced in the krebs cycle?

Answer 17

6 NADH
2 ATP
ALSO 2 FADH2
AND 4 CO2

Question 18

What is chemiosmosis

Answer 18

When the H+ produced moves to the cristae of the mitochondria from the matrix, making the cristae high in acidity. The H+ is pushed back with ADPase, making ATP

Question 19

Where is H2O made and how many?

Answer 19

In the ETC, 6

Question 20

What is made in the ETC?

Answer 20

34 ATP

6 H2O

Question 21

Define Gluconeogenesis

Answer 21

Where glucose is made from non carbohydrate sources when glucose levels are low.

Question 22

Ketogenesis

Answer 22

AcetylCoA are produced from fats, they bind creating ketones

Question 23

Define keto acidosis

Answer 23

Elevated number of ketones

Question 24

Define ketones

Answer 24

Ketones are made when fats are catabolism’s to create ATP (chains of acetylCoA)

Question 25

Define urea

Answer 25

Excess amino groups that are removed in the liver and converted to a molecule

Question 26

Define absorptive state

Answer 26

The four hours after a meal where food is absorbed and stored

Question 27

Postabsorptive state

Answer 27

When no food is taken in, the stored food is used for ATP

Question 28

What hormone is made during the absorptive state?

Answer 28

Insulin bc it provides glucose for consumption

Question 29

3 lipoproteins

Answer 29

Chylomicrons
HDL
LDL

Question 30

4 functions of the liver

Answer 30

Make bile
Filter blood
Clotting factors
Stores iron

Question 31

BMR defined

Answer 31

The rate at which the body consumes oxygen at rest

Question 32

Name 4 characteristics of enzymes

Answer 32

Speed up reactions
Catalyzes only 1 reaction
Has optimal pH and temp
Works by lock and key reaction

Question 33

Define beta oxidation

Answer 33

Where fatty acids can be broken down and turned into acetylCoAs

Question 34

Can fatty acids be turned into glucose?

Answer 34

No, bc In B- oxidation, it happens in the formation is acetylCoA & that is no reversible.

Question 35

What do ketones in the body indicate?

Answer 35

Lipolysis is happening frequently in the body, which is the breakdown of fats

Question 36

Define demination

Answer 36

Removing a NH2 group, takes it to the liver

Question 37

The absorptive state uses what process with glucose

Answer 37

Glucogenesis (stores glucose as glycogen)

Question 38

The post absorptive state uses what process with glucose

Answer 38

Glycogenoylsis(glycogen to glucose)

Gluconeogenesis(glucose from non carb sources)