Metabolic Syndromes and Obesity

Question 1

Overweight BMI cutoff? Obesity BMI cutoff?

Answer 1

25, 30

Question 2

Describe the change in gut microbiome associated with obesity?

Answer 2

Increase in firmicutes : bacteroidetes ratio

which is reversible by weight loss
associated with increased nutrient absorption, enhanced de novo lipogenesis and cellular uptake of TGs, chronic low grade inflammation

Question 3

White adipose grows through multiplication/enlargement of cells

Answer 3

enlargement and division

Question 4

When you have elevated body weight, you have increased/decreased sympathetic and increased/decreased parasympathetic tone.

Answer 4

Overweight: increase sympathetic, decrease parasympathetic

Question 5

The feeding center and satiety center are in what part of the brain?

Answer 5

hypothalamus

Question 6

Leptin defect/overactivity is associated with obesity. Thus, you see high/low plasma leptin levels in obese humans

Answer 6

defect;
high levels because of leptin resistance

so while obese people with mutations in leptin gene can be treated with leptin, you can’t treat obese ppl without that gene

Question 7

Adiponectin increases/decreases with obesity. It has what effect on insulin?

Answer 7

It decreases with obesity

and sensitizes the body to insulin

Question 8

inflamed adipose + excess visceral fat ->

Answer 8

insulin resistance

Question 9

_____ in adipose tissue is the most sensitive pathway of insulin action. Thus, when insulin resistance develops, we see ____ in ciculation

Answer 9

Inhibition of lipolysis

increased lipolysis produces more circulating fatty acids in insulin-resistant people

Question 10

Snydrome X is metabolic snydrome, what are the metabolic abnormalities

Answer 10

1. insulin resistance
2. hypertension
3. dyslipidemia (decreased HDL, elevated TGs)
4. central or visceral obesity
5. Type 2 DM