Metabolic Syndrome - Christian

Question 1

How do you diagnose metabolic syndrome?

Answer 1

A patient qualifies for this diagnosis if he or she has at least three of the following:

• waistline of 40 inches or more in men, 35 inches or more in women
• BP of 130/85 mm Hg or higher or are taking BP medications to treat HTN
• triglycerides above 150 mg/dL
• fasting blood glucose of 100 mg/dL or more, or are taking glucose-lowering medications
• HDL level

Question 2

What are the symptoms of Metabolic syndrome?

Answer 2

None

-level of glucose is not high enough do pull water out of kidneys and causes polyuria/polydipsia

Question 3

MG is found to have an A1c of 6.0%, a waist circumference of 41 inches, and a blood pressure of 139/86 mm Hg. His triglycerides are 368 mg/dL. You tell him that he does, indeed, qualify for metabolic syndrome. He wants to reverse this situation. You advise him: (best choice)

a. limit drinking alcohol
b. loose weight – shoot for 5 or 10% of current body weight
c. exercise - 30 minute daily brisk walk is enough
d. keep carbohydrates to no more than 50 percent of total calories

Answer 3

Best answer: loose weight – shoot for 5 or 10% of current body weight

All are correct, though!

Question 4

What if lifestyle modifications are not enough? What medications should be used in metabolic syndrome?

Answer 4

Drugs to control cholesterol levels/lipids (statins), and high blood pressure (ACE-i) may be considered

Metformin

Depends on the patient… Always try lifestyle modifications first!

Question 5

Which patient populations often have metabolic syndrome?

Answer 5

present in about 5% of people with normal body weight,

22% of those who are overweight and

60% of those considered obese.

Adults who continue to gain five or more pounds per year raise their risk of developing metabolic syndrome by up to 45%.

Question 6

How does the prevalence of Metabolic syndrome compare in the US to Europe and Latin American countries?

Answer 6

Approximately 32% of the population in the U.S. has metabolic syndrome.

Around 25% of adults in Europe and Latin America are estimated to have the condition, and rates are rising in developing East Asian countries.

Within the US, Mexican Americans have the highest prevalence of metabolic syndrome.

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome increases with age, and about 40% of people over 60 are affected.

Question 7

What is the difference between pre-diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome?

Answer 7

pre-diabetes => just blood glucose levels/HbA1c (does not take into account waist, triglycerides, etc.)