Metabolic Syndrome Flashcards
What is the central feature of Metabolic Syndrome?
Obesity
BMI range for Obese Class 1 (Moderate Obesity)
Greater than or equal to 30, less than 35
BMI range for Obese Class II (Severe Obesity)
Greater than or equal to 35, less than 40
BMI for Obese Class III (Morbid Obesity)
Greater than or equal to 40
Gynoid Obesity
Fat is distributed in the hips/thigh regions (less risk)
To be considered obese, your BMI must be greater or equal to what?
30
What is VAT?
Visceral Adipose Tissue
What is SAT?
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue
Which is the main constituent of Metabolic Syndrome, VAT or SAT?
VAT - associated with negative health consequences
Diagnostic Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome?
- Central obesity
a. Waist in men > 40”
b. Waist in women > 35”AND 2 or more of the following:
- Triglycerides > 150 mg/dL
- HDL <40 mg/dL for men, <50 mg/dL for women
- Fasting glucose > 100 mg/dL
- Hypertension > 130/85 mm Hg
Metabolic Syndrome affects what percentage of the US adult population?
25%
Are females or males more at risk for Metabolic Syndrome?
Females
What risk factors predispose you for Metabolic Syndrome?
- Low socioeconomic status
- Alcohol use and smoking
- Family hx of DM2, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension
- Adipose genes (partially control fat distribution)
VAT increases the risk of what?
Insulin Resistance
VAT corresponds to what 3 things?
- Lipotoxicity
- Inflammation
- Hypercoagulation
What is lipotoxicity?
The accumulation of lipid intermediates in non-adipose tissues (liver, muscle, pancreas) - leads to cellular dysfunction and apoptosis
What is acanthuses nigricans?
Darkening of the skin folds - a sign of insulin resistance
Metabolic Syndrome puts you at risk for what other diseases?
- Hyperlipidemia
- DM2
- CVD
- Cancer
- Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (projected to be leading cause of liver transplantation in 2020)
- Hypogonadism
- Cognitive impairment/dementia
The following exercise guidelines are recommended
for substantial health benefits:
- 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week
OR - 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise per week
OR - Equivalent combination of both
Which weight loss drugs are approved by the FDA for only short term use (<12 weeks)
- Diethylpropion
- Phentermine
Which weight loss drugs are approved by the FDA for long term use?
- Orlistat
- Lorcaserin
- Phentermine/Topiramate
What are the BMI classifications to be considered for Bariatric Surgery?
- BMI greater or equal to 40
OR - BMI greater or equal to 35 with comorbidities
General blood pressure guidelines
- If greater or equal to 60 y/o = <150/90
- If < 60 y/o or diabetic/kidney disease = <140/90
