Metabolic Syndrome

Question 1

What is the central feature of Metabolic Syndrome?

Answer 1

Obesity

Question 2

BMI range for Obese Class 1 (Moderate Obesity)

Answer 2

Greater than or equal to 30, less than 35

Question 3

BMI range for Obese Class II (Severe Obesity)

Answer 3

Greater than or equal to 35, less than 40

Question 4

BMI for Obese Class III (Morbid Obesity)

Answer 4

Greater than or equal to 40

Question 5

Gynoid Obesity

Answer 5

Fat is distributed in the hips/thigh regions (less risk)

Question 6

To be considered obese, your BMI must be greater or equal to what?

Answer 6

30

Question 7

What is VAT?

Answer 7

Visceral Adipose Tissue

Question 8

What is SAT?

Answer 8

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue

Question 9

Which is the main constituent of Metabolic Syndrome, VAT or SAT?

Answer 9

VAT - associated with negative health consequences

Question 10

Diagnostic Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome?

Answer 10

• Central obesity
  a. Waist in men > 40”
  b. Waist in women > 35”

     AND 2 or more of the following: 

• Triglycerides > 150 mg/dL
• HDL <40 mg/dL for men, <50 mg/dL for women
• Fasting glucose > 100 mg/dL
• Hypertension > 130/85 mm Hg

Question 11

Metabolic Syndrome affects what percentage of the US adult population?

Answer 11

25%

Question 12

Are females or males more at risk for Metabolic Syndrome?

Answer 12

Females

Question 13

What risk factors predispose you for Metabolic Syndrome?

Answer 13

• Low socioeconomic status
• Alcohol use and smoking
• Family hx of DM2, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension
• Adipose genes (partially control fat distribution)

Question 14

VAT increases the risk of what?

Answer 14

Insulin Resistance

Question 15

VAT corresponds to what 3 things?

Answer 15

1. Lipotoxicity
2. Inflammation
3. Hypercoagulation

Question 16

What is lipotoxicity?

Answer 16

The accumulation of lipid intermediates in non-adipose tissues (liver, muscle, pancreas) - leads to cellular dysfunction and apoptosis

Question 17

What is acanthuses nigricans?

Answer 17

Darkening of the skin folds - a sign of insulin resistance

Question 18

Metabolic Syndrome puts you at risk for what other diseases?

Answer 18

• Hyperlipidemia
• DM2
• CVD
• Cancer
• Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (projected to be leading cause of liver transplantation in 2020)
• Hypogonadism
• Cognitive impairment/dementia

Question 19

The following exercise guidelines are recommended

for substantial health benefits:

Answer 19

• 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week
  OR
• 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise per week
  OR
• Equivalent combination of both

Question 20

Which weight loss drugs are approved by the FDA for only short term use (<12 weeks)

Answer 20

• Diethylpropion

- Phentermine

Question 21

Which weight loss drugs are approved by the FDA for long term use?

Answer 21

• Orlistat
• Lorcaserin
• Phentermine/Topiramate

Question 22

What are the BMI classifications to be considered for Bariatric Surgery?

Answer 22

• BMI greater or equal to 40
  OR
• BMI greater or equal to 35 with comorbidities

Question 23

General blood pressure guidelines

Answer 23

• If greater or equal to 60 y/o = <150/90

- If < 60 y/o or diabetic/kidney disease = <140/90