Metabolic pathways Flashcards
how is glucose oxidised in cells
glycolysis
kewbs cycle
electron transport chain
what are the products of glycolysis
two pyruvate
two NADH
two ATP
what are the products of the Krebs cycle
6 NADH +
2 FADH2 molecules
4 CO2
2 ATP
what are the products of the electron transport chain
38 molecules of ATP
CO2 H2O
what is glycogenesis
making glycogen
what is glycogenolysis
splitting glycogen
what is gluconeogenesis
glycerol and amino acids are converted to glucose
how are fatty acids converted to energy
lipids are split into glycerol and fatty acids
glycerol undergoes glycolysis to form pyruvic acid which enters the Krebs cycle
fatty acids also enter the krebs cycle directly
describe how ketones are formed
when carbohydrate intake is inadequate, oxaloacetic acid is converted to glucose
without oxaloacetic acid, fat oxidation is incomplete, acetyl CoA accumulates,
the liver converts acetyl CoA to ketones which are released into the blood
what are ketone bodies
produced by the liver from fatty acids during periods of fasting
acetoacetate, beta hydroxybutyrate, acetone
describe oxidation of amino acids
aa must be deaminated (remove NH2) before being broken down
the resulting molecule is then converted to pyruvic acid
what is the absorptive state
‘fed state’
