Metabolic Pathways Flashcards
What are the types of metabolic pathways?
Passive and active transport
What are some types of passive transport?
osmosis, facilitated diffusion, dialysis
What are some types of active transport?
exocytosis and endocytosis - require a protein carrier and ATP
What is the transcellular route?
Through the cell
What is the paracellular route?
Through the junctions between cells (leaky gut, nutritional supplements)
List some factors impacting macronutrient
pharmacokinetics in a human body
Gastrointestinal disorders, metabolic disorders, medications, genetic factors, age, food intolerances/allergies, nutrient interactions
Are polysaccharides &
oligosaccharides
absorbed in the small
intestine?
Yes, they are both broken down into simpler sugars before being absorbed in the small intestine
What does the highly polar glucose molecule use to move into the cell?
Energy dependent sodium glucose cotransporters (SGLT), or facilitated diffusion glucose transporters (GLUT)
Where are the major sites of expression of SGLT1?
Small intestine, heart, kidney
Where are the major sites of expression of GLUT1?
Erythrocytes, CNS, blood-brain barrier, foetal tissue
Where are the major sites of expression of GLUT2?
Liver, beta-cells of pancreas, kidney, small
intestine
Where are the major sites of expression of GLUT3?
Brain (neurons), white blood cells, testis,
placenta, preimplantation embryos
Where are the major sites of expression of GLUT4?
Skeletal muscle, heart, brown and white
adipocytes (insulin dependent)
What are the 2 major signalling pathways when insulin attaches to its receptors on the cell membrane?
Mitogen-activated kinases (MAPK), and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) pathway
What does MAPK do?
Supports glucose absorption
