Metabolic Fuels & Dietary Components Flashcards
How do we get fuel?
From food—> proteins carbs and fats
To completely convert fuel to co2 & water(h2o) what do we need and from where? And what happens to the co2?
We need oxygen and we get it from breathing and it eliminates the co2 that is produced by oxidation of foodstuff
When is fuel stored and as what? where?
If fuel exceeds the body’s immediate energy requirement it gets sorted as TRIGLYCEROL(fats) in ADIPOSE TISSUES, as GLYCOGEN in MUSCLE, LIVER and other cells
What’s the point of fuel stores?
When we are fasting or sleeping fuel is drawn from these stores And is oxidized to provide energy
When do you lose and gain weight?
When we don’t supply enough FOOD each day to supply basic energy then our body’s fuel stores uses up the remainder and we LOSE WEIGHT- if we consume more food than required or more than the energy we expend our body’s fuel stores will enlarge and we GAIN WEIGHT
What else does diet provide? What are the different precursors?
It provides precursors for biosynthesis.
PRECURSORS —> essential fatty acids and essential amino acids
Dietary components that we can use are referred to as? And what is it called when compound is not useful in the human body? How are they released?
Components we can use are NUTRIENTS and those that HAVE NO VALUE in the human body and may be toxic are called XENOBIOTIC CONPOUNDS
—> released by urine and feces together
We metabolize our dietary components through 4 types of pathways
Fuel oxidative pathway, fuel storage and mobilization pathway, bio synthetic pathway and detoxification pathway
Fuel oxidative pathways ~>
converts fuel into energy for biosynthesis and mechanical work
What comes into play when we sleeping and not eating or on a hunger strike?
Fuel storage pathways, the fuel that’s stores can be mobilized during periods when we are not eating or we need increased energy for work
Detoxification or waste disposal pathways and how is it introduced?~>
Their main focus is removal of toxins from the body which may be present in the food and air. It’s introduced into our body as DRUGS and internally can be produced from metabolism of a dietary component
Anabolic pathway with eg~>
Forms larger molecules from smaller components
eg ~> amino acids to protein
Catabolic pathway ~>
Eg~>
Pathway~> breaks down larger molecules into smaller components
Eg ~> fuel oxidative pathways
ATP-ADP cycle ~>
~> generation and utilization of ATP is called ATP-ADP cycle
So, When fuels are oxidized to CO2 + H2O in our cells,energy is released by the transfer of electrons to O2. The energy from this oxidation process generates heat and ATP. carbon dioxide travels in blood to lungs where it is expired and water is excreted through urine,sweat and other secretions. Although the heat generated is used to maintain temp but main focus is to produce ATP.as these processes use energy ATP IS CONVERTED BACK INTO ADP (ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE) and inorganic phosphate(Pi).
Respiration (Biochem words)
OXIDATION of FUELS TO GENERATE ATP