Metabolic Diseases Flashcards
Metabolic Diseases/Nutritional Disorders are more common around…
parturition or peak lactation
If the abomasum moves to an abnormal position, normally to the left side, is called///
displaced abomasum (DA)
Where is the normal position of the abomasum?
Right side
What are symptoms of DA?
discomfort/pain reduce feed intake/reduced vol. of feces reduced milk yield dark colored feces "ping" sound when auscultating
Preventing DA…
dry cows diet should contain adequate fiber in amount and particle size
gradual adjustment of cows to diets high on cereals
When a cow has impaired Carbohydrate and VFA metabolism, high blood ketone levels and low blood glucose, you get…
Ketosis (Acetonemia)
Ketosis is common in…
high producing cows
as a complication of placenta retention or metritis
Symptoms of Ketosis…
reduced feed intake and milk yield cows appear starved, depressed and dull acetone odor in breath, milk and urine weight loss unexplained increase in milk fat content inactive rumen
Causes of ketosis…
glucose needed for maintenance is drained through milk production
inadequate energy intake at calving
Treatment of Ketosis…
oral dextrose to increase blood glucose levels
drenching: oral admin of propylene glycol to provide glucose precursors
Preventing Ketosis…
avoid over-feeding/over-conditioning of cows increase grain after calving avoid abrupt ration changes feed good quality forages do drenching as a routine!
What is Grass Tetany…
inadequate levels of Magnesium
Commonalities of Grass Tetany…
most common in lactating animals grazing on rapidly growing lush pastures during the beginning of pasture season
Grass Tetany symptoms…
stiff movement
loss of appetite
frequent urination
convulsions
Causes of Grass Tetany…
grazing lush, spring pastures with wheat or rye with low levels of magnesium and high levels of K+
Treatment of Grass Tetany…
inject magnesium sulphate under the skin
Preventing Grass Tetany…
supply adequate Mg during high risk periods
use mineral blocks and provide a balanced diet
use legumes in pastures
Hardware Disease occurs when…
an animal swallows a foreign material and the object lodges in the reticulum or punctures organs
Symptoms of Hardware Disease…
loss of appetite
digestive problems
tendency to stand with front feet elevated (lessens the pressure on sore areas)
Treating Hardware Disease…
surgery
Preventing Hardware Disease…
good feed bunk management
magnets in the reticulum and feed processing equipment
Lactic Acidosis results from…
abnormal fermentation in the rumen
Which form of lactic acidosis is more severe?
clinical lactic acidosis is more severe
Clinical Lactic Acidosis…
associated with rumen pH below 5
surges when cows suddenly gorge on large quantities of grain - - feedlot cattle
Subclinical Lactic Acidosis…
rumen PH 5-5.5; more common in dairy cattle
-caused by rations that are high on grains and lack effective fiber
