Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Skel A > Metabolic Bone Disorders > Flashcards

Metabolic Bone Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Define Osteopenia- when does this occur?

A

Decreased bone density or increased radiolucency of bone (darker radiographically)
Occurs when bone reabsorption exceeds bone formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Is osteopenia a precise diagnosis?

A

NO it is just a descriptive term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Osteopenia is the opposite of…

A

Osteosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the major causes of diffuse osteopenia

A

Osteoporosis
osteomalacia/rickets
hyperparathyroidism (HPT)
Neoplasm (ex lymphoma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where would we commonly find hyper para-thyroidism?

A

look to the hands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Considering neoplasm for the reason of bone destruction what would (1) a child with osteopenia most likely have and (2) what would an adult with osteopenia most likely have?

A

Child with osteopenia most likely has leukemia

Adult with osteopenia most like would have multiple myeloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Do see bone density changes where is the best place to look?

A

Usually you want to look some where other than the spine to find bone density changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 5 bone cells?

A 
Osteoprogenitor
Osteoblast
Osteocyte
Bone Lining Cells
Osteoclasts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are osteoprogenitor cells formed and what do they develop into?

A

From marrow stem cells

Develop into osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do osteoblasts produce?

When does it decrease in number?

A

Osteoid = SOFT material
90-95% collagen
Ground substance = mucopolysaccharides
*Osteblasts begin numerous and large in size - but they decrease in size and number at maturity which is about 21 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

OsteoCYTE

  • Who do they arise from?
  • What is their function?
  • What qualities do they have?
A

Arises from osteoblasts that become entrapped in their own osteoid

  • They maintain the integrity of surrounding bone; connected through cannuliculij - they can reabsorb bone
  • they are considered a mature bone cell
  • both osteoclastic and plastic qualities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which bone cell is considered the mature bone cell?

A

Osteocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Osteoclasts

  • function?
  • Derived from?
A

Bone resorptive cells

Derived from hematopoietic monocyte linage (macrophages from the same lineage - also have the ability to resorb bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Osteoprogenitor, osteoblast, osteocyte and bone lining cells all arise from the same linage T/F

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bone is in a constant state of turn over T/F

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Water makes up ____% of bone weight

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Organic Matrix/osteoid is made up of ____% of _______ and ____% of ______.

A

Organic Matrix/osteoid is made up of 30% collagen and 10% mucopolysaccharide.

18
Q

Organic matrix/osteoid make up ____ % of the dry weight of bone.

A

30%

19
Q

Inorganic materials are minerals they make up ___% of dry weight of bone/

A

70%

20
Q

Bone quality ratio is comparing

A

Matrix (30%) : Mineral (70%)

21
Q

Inorganic minerals in bone are

A

Ca10 (Po4)6OH aka calcium hydroxyapatite

22
Q

Skeletal bone contains ___% of calcium as serum calcium

A

99%

23
Q

What two mechanisms does bone play in calcium homeostasis?

  • percentage of calcium they work with
  • which one is more predominate way of maintaining calcium hemostasis?
A

1) continuous exchange of calcium ions between the bone and ECF (70%)
2) Mediated PREDOMINANTLY by ParaThyroid Hormone and other hormones (30%)

24
Q

If someone is hypocalcemia this stimulates the rebase of Ca++ from______.

A

Bone

25
Q

If someone is hypercalcemic this produces an influx of Ca++ into _____ form the _____.

A

Into the bone

From the ECF

26
Q

Where do osteoclasts exist in bone?

A

On the bone surface in pits known as, HOWSHIP LACUNA

27
Q

Explain the mechanisms of Osteoclasts

A

Osteoclasts secrete acid to break down bone
This unit of acid is hydroxyapatite and collagenase - this will break down osteoid
Then they secrete substance to attract and promote osteoblast function

28
Q

What stimulates activity of osteoclasts

A 
Parathyroid hormone 
VitD metabolites
Prostaglandin E2
Thyroid hormone
Heparin
29
Q

What inhibits activity of osteoclasts

A

calcitonin and estrogen

30
Q

What mineralizes osteoblasts once they produce osteoid/matrix

A

calcium hydroxyapatite

31
Q

Osteoblast activity is stimulated by

A

calcitonin

32
Q

Scurvy is a result of what vitamin deficiency

A

Vitamin C

33
Q

Vitamin C is required for ______ formation

A

collagen

34
Q

What is the result of scurvy on bone density?

A

Scurvy will cause you to have osteopenia via osteoporosis

35
Q

List the normal physiological needs for normal bone density requirements

A 
Weight bearing exercise
normal nervous system function
normal GI function (ca++ absorption)
Normal liver function (hydroxylations)
Normal Renal functions 
Dietary Ca++ and Phosphate 
Normal endocrine function (need to have PTH****)
36
Q

Why is osteoporosis NOT a bone softening disease

A

Because in osteoporosis the quality of the bone is normal - it is just the quantity that is not normal - there is not enough cortical or trabecular bone

37
Q

T/F Osteoporosis is the most frequent metabolic bone disease in humans

A

true

38
Q

______% bone loss before radiographic detectability

A

30 - 50%

39
Q

Bone loss in the spine is only noticeable at ____% loss because

A

50% loss because its mostly trabecular

40
Q

Bone loss in extremities is only noticeable at ____% loss

A

30%

41
Q

What two places does osteoporosis predominate?

A

Axial Skeleton and proximal long bones

Skel A (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions