Metabolic Alterations Meds (SIMPLE)

Question 1

Ammonium Chloride

Answer 1

Treats: Metabolic alkalosis

Action: Ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) is converted to urea by the liver, thereby liberating H⁺ to acidify the body

Question 2

Sodium Bicarbonate

Answer 2

Treats: Metabolic acidosis

Action: Replenishes HCO₃^-, thereby alkalinizing the body

Question 3

Potassium Chloride

Answer 3

Treats: Metabolic alkalosis (Cl^--responsive, edematous states)

Action: Replenishes K⁺, thereby reducing hypokalemia and preventing further alkalosis (K⁺ trades with H⁺)

Replenishes Cl^-, thereby increasing excretion of HCO₃^-

Question 4

Sodium Chloride

Answer 4

Treats: Metabolic alkalosis (Cl^--responsive, non-edematous states)

Action: Replenishes Cl^-, thereby increasing excretion of HCO₃^-

Treats: DKA

Action: Replenishes fluid volume, thereby resolving dehydration and subsequent hyperosmolarity

Question 5

Albuterol

Answer 5

Treats: Respiratory acidosis

Action: Relaxes smooth airway muscle with subsequent bronchodilation, thereby improving inflammatory respiratory conditions and allowing for increased CO₂ excretion

Question 6

Furosemide

Answer 6

Treats: Metabolic acidosis

Action: Prevents reabsorption of Cl^- causing increased Cl^- excretion, thereby increasing retention of HCO₃^-

Increases excretion of K⁺, thereby reducing hyperkalemia

Question 7

Bumetanide

Answer 7

Treats: Metabolic acidosis

Action: Prevents reabsorption of Cl^- causing increased Cl^- excretion, thereby increasing retention of HCO₃^-

Increases excretion of K⁺, thereby reducing hyperkalemia

Question 8

Hydrochlorothiazide

Answer 8

Treats: Metabolic acidosis

Action: Increases Cl^- excretion, thereby increasing retention of HCO₃^-

Increases H⁺ excretion, thereby alkalinizing the body

Increases excretion of K⁺, thereby reducing hyperkalemia

Question 9

Naloxone

Answer 9

Treats: Respiratory acidosis

Action: Competitively blocks effects of opioids, thereby improving respiratory depression and allowing for increased CO₂ excretion

Question 10

Naltrexone

Answer 10

PRIMARY

Treats: Respiratory acidosis

Action: Prevents ETOH/opioid OD by reducing dependency, thereby reducing conditions that result in decreased respiratory drive and decreased CO₂ excretion

SECONDARY

Treats: Metabolic acidosis

Action: Prevents alcoholic ketoacidosis by reducing ETOH dependency, thereby reducing a condition that results in increased ketoacids and subsequent acidosis

Question 11

Prednisone

Answer 11

Treats: Respiratory acidosis

Action: Suppresses inflammation and normal immune responses, thereby improving inflammatory respiratory conditions and allowing for increased CO₂ excretion

Question 12

Acetylcysteine

Answer 12

PRIMARY

Treats: Respiratory acidosis

Action: Degrades thick viscid mucous secretions, thereby improving respiratory conditions and allowing for increased CO₂ excretion

SECONDARY

Treats: Metabolic acidosis

Action: Decreases the buildup of a hepatotoxic metabolite that inhibits aerobic respiration in acetaminophen overdosage, thereby allowing the resumption of aerobic respiration

Question 13

Lorazepam

Answer 13

Treats: Respiratory alkalosis

Action: Depresses CNS system, thereby reducing respiratory drive and decreasing excretion of CO₂

Question 14

Diazepam

Answer 14

Treats: Respiratory alkalosis

Action: Depresses CNS system, thereby reducing respiratory drive and decreasing excretion of CO₂

Question 15

Promethazine

Answer 15

Treats: Metabolic alkalosis

Action: Treats and prevents vomiting, thereby reducing the excretion of H⁺ from excessive HCl loss

Question 16

Ondansetron

Answer 16

Treats: Metabolic alkalosis

Action: Treats and prevents vomiting, thereby reducing the excretion of H₊ from excessive HCl loss

Question 17

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate

Answer 17

Treats: Metabolic acidosis

Action: Increases exchange of Na⁺ for K⁺, thereby increasing the excretion of K⁺ to treat hyperkalemia

Question 18

Phenytoin

Answer 18

Treats: Respiratory acidosis

Action: Treats and prevents seizures, thereby reducing conditions that result in decreased respiratory drive and subsequent decreased CO₂ excretion

Treats: Alkalosis

Action: Treats and prevents seizures, thereby reducing the complications of alkalosis associated with hypocalcemia