Metabolic Acidosis Flashcards
What is the pH of urine?
5-6
What is the name of the acid formed when carbon dioxide is dissolved in blood?
Which enzyme is a catalysts for this reaction?
Carbonic acid
Carbonic anhydrase
What are normal bicarbonate levels?
24-26mmol/L
What blood gas diagnosis is the anion gap important for?
Metabolic acidosis
What are the main cations measured in the blood?
Which makes up most?
Sodium (makes up most)
Potassium
What are the main anions measures in the blood?
Chloride
Bicarbonate
What is the gross anion gap equation?
Cations - anions
What does the anion gap mean?
How many more or less cations are there compared to anions measured?
What SHOULD the anion gap be?
Why isn’t it?
What therefore are normal values?
Zero - plasma is electroneutral
We are unable to measure some anions sadly…therefore normal ranges…
Normal = 3-11mEq/L
What does a raised anion gap mean?
It means there in an increase in unmeasurable anions
Name some causes of high anion gap metabolic acidosis?
Lactic acidosis from salicylate overdose or shock
DKA
Methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning
GOLDMARK = Glycols, Oxyproline, L-lactate, D-lactate, Methanol, Asprin, Renal failure, Ketoacidosis
What is the biochemical cause of low anion gap acidosis?
How does this not therefore alternate the anion gap?
A fall in bicarbonate
Kidneys compensate by reabsorbing more chloride, therefore hyperchloraemic state follows
What is the biochemical cause of high anion gap acidosis?
A rise in organic acids
Name some causes of low anion gap metabolic acidosis?
Diarrhoea
Renal tubule acidosis
