metab pharmaco

Question 1

MOA of allopurinol (gout treatment)

Answer 1

3 MOA:
- allopurinol is converted to oxypurinol by xanthine oxidase -> oxypurinol acts as a suicide inhibitor of xanthine oxidase -> decrease xanthine pdn -> decrease uric acid pdn
- inhibit PRPP amidotransferase activity
- reduce intracellular PRPP through formation of allopurinol ribonucleotide

Question 2

Type 1 diabetes treatment

Answer 2

• fluid replacement for dehydration
• insulin therapy

Question 2

Type 2 diabetes management (LT)

Answer 2

• lose weight, increase exercise
• medication

Question 3

types of diabetes meds for Type 2

Answer 3

• metformin, glitazone (increase effect of insulin)
• sulphonylurea, meglitinide (increase insulin secretion)
• SGLT 2 inhibitor (increase glucose excretion)

Question 4

metformin MOA

Answer 4

↑AMP/ATP ratio → ↑AMPK pathway activation
- liver: ↓gluconeogenesis, ↓FA/TG synthesis
- muscle: ↑glucose uptake

Question 5

glitazone MOA

Answer 5

↑PPAR-γ activation → ↑gene expression target genes
- fat: ↓lipolysis, ↓FA, altered cytokine signals
- liver/muscle: ↑insulin sensitivity

Question 6

sulfonylurea (eg glipizide) & meglitinide MOA

Answer 6

↑depolarization β cells by closing the ATP dependent K+ channel → release of insulin

Question 7

SGLT2 inhibitor MOA

Answer 7

SGLT2 inhibitor → ↓reabsorption of glucose at the proximal
tubules → ↑ glucose excretion

Question 8

mycophenolic acid MOA

Answer 8

IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT
- reversible inhibitor of IMP dehydrogenase (used in purine nucleotide synthesis)
- T/ B cells cannot proliferate