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Met Observer > Met Course > Flashcards

Met Course Flashcards

1
Q

What is an Air Mass?

A

A large body of air with similar weather characteristics

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2
Q

What does AM stand for?

A

Arctic Maritime

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3
Q

What does PM stand for?

A

Polar Maritime

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4
Q

What does rPM stand for?

A

Returning Polar Maritime

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5
Q

What does TM stand for?

A

Tropical Maritime

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6
Q

What does PC stand for?

A

Polar Continental

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7
Q

What does TC stand for?

A

Tropical Continental

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8
Q

What weather comes with a Polar Maritime (PM) air mass?

A

Summer: Cool and Showery

Winter: Cold/ Wintry showers

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9
Q

What weather comes with a Arctic Maritime (AM) air mass?

A

Summer: Cool and Maritime

Winter: Very cold/ Wintry showers

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10
Q

What weather comes with a returning Polar Maritime(rPM) air mass?

A

Summer:
Wet/Cloudy

Winter: Wet/Cloudy

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11
Q

What weather comes with a Tropical Maritime (TM)air mass?

A

Summer: Warm/Cloudy/Fog

Winter: Mild/Cloudy/Fog

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12
Q

What weather comes with a Tropical Continental air mass?

A

Summer: Hot and Dry

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13
Q

What weather comes with a Polar Continental air mass?

A

Summer: Cloudy

Winter: Very cold

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14
Q

What is a front?

A

Boundary between 2 air masses

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15
Q

What is a warm front?

A

Warm air replacing cold air

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16
Q

What is a cold front?

A

Cold air replacing warm air

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17
Q

What is an occluded front?

A

Cold front catches up with warm front

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18
Q

What is a Trough?

A

An elongated area of relatively low pressure.

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19
Q

Which way does the wind turn in a low pressure system?

A

Anti-clockwise

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20
Q

Which way does the wind turn in a high pressure system?

A

Clockwise

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21
Q

What does METAR stand for?

A

Meteorological aerodrome report

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22
Q

What does TAF stand for?

A

Aerodrome Forecast

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23
Q

What 3 elements in a METAR are calculated automatically?

A
  1. Wind, direction, speed n gusts
  2. Temperature and dew point
  3. Pressure
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24
Q

What 3 elements in a METAR are manually inputted?

A
  1. Visibility
  2. Present weather
  3. Cloud
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25
Q

What does ATIS stand for?

A

Air Traffic Information Service

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26
Q

How often is a METAR produced?

A

Every 30 minutes

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27
Q

What times are METARs issues?

A

10 to the hour and

20 past the hour

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28
Q

The mean wind direction and speed is for how long a period?

A

10 minutes

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29
Q

Wind direction is reported from?
A) True North
B) Compass North
C) Magnetic North

A

True North

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30
Q

For a gust to be reported it must exceed the mean wind by?

A

10 knots or more

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31
Q

Wind gust is the?

A

Maximum 3 second “peak” taken from the 10 minute period

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32
Q

When shall a wind variation be reported?

A

The total variation in the previous 10 minutes is 60 degrees or more but less than 180 degrees and the average wind speed is greater than 3 kts

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33
Q

When is the wind reported calm?

A

When the speed is less than 01kt

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34
Q

How do you report wind speeds greater than 99kts?

A

P99kt

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35
Q

What is the standard height for wind measurements at Aerodromes?

A

10m AGL

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36
Q

Where should wind sensors be located?

A

Ina location representative of the whole runway and capture undisturbed wind.

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37
Q

What height should visibility be observed?

A
  1. 5m

* Slant error may occur if observed from an increased height*

38
Q

What is prevailing visibility?

A

The greatest visibility reached within at least 1/2 the horizon circle or 1/2 of the surface of the aerodrome.

39
Q

When should the minimum visibility be reported?

A

When the vis in one direction is less than 1500m or less than 50% of the prevailing wind.

40
Q

What do you report when the lowest visibility is in more than one direction?

A

Report the most operational significant one

41
Q

What do you report when the vis is fluctuating rapidly and no prevailing vis can be determined?

A

Lowest vis reported with no indication of direction.

42
Q

When the visibility is less than 800 metres it should rounded down to the nearest?

A

50 metres

43
Q

When the visibility is 800 metres or more but less than 5000m it should rounded down to the nearest?

A

100 metres

44
Q

When the visibility is 5000 metres or more but less than 10km it should rounded down to the nearest?

A

1,000 metres

45
Q

If the visibility is less than 50 metres (e.g. 35m) how shall it be encoded?

A

0000

46
Q

Define RVR

A

Measurement of the Horizontal visibility along the runway

47
Q

When is RVR reported?

A

When minimum visibility or RVR is less than 1500m

48
Q

How do you report RVR less than 50m metres?

A

M0050

49
Q

How would you report an RVR greater than 2000m?

A

P2000

50
Q

When the RVR is less than 400 metres it should rounded down to the nearest?

A

25 metres

51
Q

When the RVR is between 400 and 800 metres it should rounded down to the nearest?

A

50 metres

52
Q

When the RVR is greater than 800 metres it should rounded down to the nearest?

A

100 metres

53
Q

Define in the vicinity

A

Within 8km of the aerodrome Reference point

54
Q

TS takes Precedence over any other precipitation, True or False?

A

True.

55
Q

BC means?

A

Patches

56
Q

MI means?

A

Shallow

57
Q

SG means?

A

Snow Grains

58
Q

PL means?

A

Ice Pellets

59
Q

GR means?

A

Hail

60
Q

GS means?

A

Small hail/snow pellet

61
Q

BR means?

A

Mist

62
Q

What is the code for sleet?

A

SNRA
Or
RASN

63
Q

What visibility is Mist reported and what is it’s relative Humidity?

A

5000-1000m
95%+

Temp/DP 1 degree or less difference

64
Q

When is Fog(FG) reported?

A

Vis is less than 1000m

RH is 100%

65
Q

When is Haze reported and what is it’s RH?

A

5000m or less

Less than 95%

66
Q

What is a Squall (SQ)?

A

Wind rise by 16kts+ increasing to 22kts+ and sustained by 1 minute

67
Q

What does // mean

A

U/S or missing present weather sensor

68
Q

What does UP mean?

A

Unidentified Percipitation

69
Q

What does FZUP mean?

A

Freezing Unidentified precipitation

70
Q

What height is cloud reported till?

A

Up to but not including 5,000ft

71
Q

Which 2 clouds are specified in the METAR?

A

TCU and CB

72
Q

When is CB or TCU specified in the METAR?

A

After cloud amount and height

73
Q

Cloud is rounded down to the nearest?

A

100ft

74
Q

Few is how many Oktas

A

1-2

75
Q

SCT is how many Oktas

A

3-4

76
Q

BKN is how many Oktas

A

5-7

77
Q

OVC is how many Oktas

A

8

78
Q

Is cloud height above sea level or AGL?

A

AGL

79
Q

When would a cloud base of 5,000ft or higher be reported?

A

If it is the base of a TCU or CB

80
Q

How do you report a cloud base less than 100ft?

A

000

81
Q

For a second layer of cloud what is required?

A

Must be 3 oktas or more than 1st layer.

82
Q

3rd layer can be entered provided…

A

Amount is 5 oktas or more

83
Q

What does NSC mean?

A

No significant cloud below 5,000ft and no TCU/CB

84
Q

VV/// is?

A

Vertical visibility height not measured or sky obscured.

85
Q

When a TS is reported a CB must be reported true or False?

A

True.

86
Q

What are the 5 conditions for CAVOK

A
  1. Prevailing vis 10km +
  2. No minimum Vis
  3. No cloud below 5,000ft/Min sector Alt.
  4. No TCU or CB present
  5. No weather phenomena at or in Vicinity of the AD
87
Q

Temperature is rounded up or down? To the hottest degree.

A

Up

88
Q

How many digits is the temperature?

A

2

89
Q

If DP is not available what is it replaced with?

A

//

90
Q

A temperature of -0.5 to-0.1 is coded as?

A

M00

91
Q

Temperature between 0.0 to 0.4 is coded as?

A

00

92
Q

QFE is included in the METAR.

True or False?

A

False

Met Observer (2 decks)

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