Met anatomy Flashcards
External oblique fibres
Inferomedially
Internal oblique fibres
Superomedially
Rectus sheath
Encloses rectus abdominus
Made up of the aponeuroses of the external and internal obliques and the transversus abdominus
Where is the arcuate line found?
Midway between the umbilicus and pubic symphysis
Above the arcuate line
Rectus sheath either side of rectus abdominus
Epigastric vessels within rectus sheath
Below arcuate line
Rectus sheath only anterior to rectus abdominus
Rectus abdominus in contact with transversalis fascia
Epigastric vessels outside rectus sheath
Structures passing under inguinal ligament
Lateral –> medial
Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Femoral canal (lymphatics)
Spermatic cord layers
Internal spermatic fascia Cremaster muscle External spermatic fascia Dartos muscle Skin
Inguinal triangle borders
Hesselbach’ triangle
Medial = lateral border of rectus abdominus Lateral = inferior epigastric vessels Inferior = inguinal ligament
Conjoint tendon
Fusion of the aponeuroses of the internal oblique and transverse abdominus
Midpoint of inguinal ligament
Halfway between ASIS and PT
Deep inguinal ring
Mid-inguinal point
Halfway between ASIS and PS
Femoral artery
Pituitary blood supply
Superior hypophyseal artery from ophthalmic artery
Inferior hypophyseal artery from cavernous ICA
Hypophyseal veins –> cavernous sinus
Cavernous sinus contents
ICA, CN III, IV, V1, V2, VI
What passes through SOF
CN III, IV, V1, VI
Pringle manoeuvre
Clamping of duodenal end of lesser omentum
Restricts blood flow –> liver
Normal portal and IVC pressures
Portal = 9mmHg IVC = 2-6mmHg
Pressure difference for portal hypertension
Portal - IVC >10mmmHg
Anal canal above pectinate/dentate line
Endoderm origin
Superior rectal artery artery and vein (portal circulation)
Inferior hypogastric plexus
Columnar epithelium
Lymph –> internal iliac nodes
Haemorrhoids here are internal and painless
Anal canal below pectinate/dentate line
Ectoderm origin Inferior rectal artery and vein (systemic circulation) Inferior rectal nerve (pudendal) Stratified squamous epithelium Lymph --> inguinal nodes Haemorrhoids are external and painful
Which systemic veins does the umbilical vein connect to?
Superior = intercostal veins Inferior = inferior epigastric veins
Grey-Turner sign
Flank bruising
Sign of retroperitoneal haemorrhage
Rate of bile secretion
40ml/hour
How much bile can the gallbladder hold?
50ml
Referred pain of cholecystitis
Right flank and shoulder
Blood supply to gallbladder
Cystic artery from right hepatic artery
Calot’s triangle
Liver
Cystic duct
Common hepatic duct
Where is the heptorenal recess found
Between liver and right kidney
Psoas major attachments
Vertebral bodies of T12-L5
–> lesser trochanter
Quadratus lumborum attachments
Transverse processes of L1-5
–> iliac crests
Gerota’s fascia
Renal fascia surrounding kidneys, adrenal and perirenal fat
Renal plexus roots
T10-12
Renal referred pain
Flanks and small of the back
Ureter nerve supply
T11-L1/2
Loin pain = iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal
Groin pain = genitofemoral
What connect the bladder to the umbilicus?
Medial umbilical ligament
Remnant of the urachus
Layers of the bladder
Adventitia
Detrusor
Transitional epithelium
Trigone
Triangle formed by the ureteric orifices and urethral orifice
Smooth walls
More prone to infection
Mesonephric ducts
= Wollfian ducts
Form male reproductive tract
Degenerate in females (except the lower portion)
Paramesonephric ducts
= Mullerian ducts
Form oviduct in females
Degenerate in males