met Flashcards
What 30 Celsius in Fahrenheit?
F= c (9/5) +32 =86
What is the boiling temp of water in Fahrenheit and kelvin?
212 f
373 k
What does a Stevenson screen measure and how must it be placed to operate effectively?
Measures humidity and must be placed 1-2 m above ground / 4ft
Via what heat transfer method does air in contact with the surface of the earth warm up?
Conduction
Define convection
All about vertical movement of air. When heated, the air becomes lighter and rises, and vice Versa
Name two instances that would cause rotors to form during convection within the earth’s atmosphere
Orographic lifting (wind flow interrupted by terrain) or when the surface emitting heat (Earth’s surface) is uneven
Describe latent heat
Regarding states of change of aggregation, comes from hidden energy during change between states of matter
What happens (according to easa) to the temp of the air surrounding an ice cube when melting?
The latent heat is absorbed but no change in temperature is detectable
Via what process is the heat from the sun able to warm up the atmosphere?
Insolation heats the earth’s surface (via short wave radiation) which then absorbs this heat and conducts it to the surrounding air.
Describe the effect on the varying temperatures of the troposphere and tropopause when a strong wind is present
When a strong wind is present, the air from the tropopause remains cool, even though the air in the troposphere is heating up via conduction from the earth’s surface
How does the presence of cloud effect the temperature of the troposphere during night and day?
During the day, clouds limit the amount of sunlight allowed into the troposphere and therefore limits the temp. At night, the presence of clouds prevents the escape of warmth into the friction layer and so has an insulation-like effect.
Lower and thicker clouds contain less water - true or false?
False
What is diurnal variation?
Daily variation
Out of rock, ice and water, which material is the easiest to heat?
Rock
What is an equinox?
When earth’s equator is at 0degrees to the sun
What is a calorie?
The heat needed to raise 1g of water by 1 degree
How far away is the sun from the earth during the perihelion?
91 million miles (angle of 23.5)
How far away from the sun is the earth during the aphelion? And at what time of year does this take place?
95 million miles and takes place fourth July
What speed is the earth’s rotation on its axis ? And in what direction?
15.04 degrees per hour in anti-clockwise
How much oxygen is present in the troposphere?
21%
At what height approximately is the ozone layer?
25000km
What temp is the tropopause in summer over the equator and poles on average?
-75c equator and -40/-50 at poles
What’s the temp increase in the stratosphere?
In an isotherm up to 20km and then increase of 0.3 degrees per 1000ft up to 50km
What are the following isa values?
Temp at Msl
Pressure at Msl
Density at Msl
Temp 15 Celsius
Pressure 1013 hPa / 29.92inHg /760 mm
Density is 1.225
Why are there folds in the tropopause?
Because of meeting air masses
What is inversion?
A layer of the atmosphere who’s temp increases with altitude
What is an isa deviation?
Difference between isa temp and OAT
Formula is
15-(alt/1000 x2)
In winter, is the sea or the land warmer?
The sea is warmer in winter because it’s specific heat is larger than the specific heat of land. This results in water heating up and cooling down slower than rock/earth
What is the coldest layer of the atmosphere?
The mesosphere which descends to -290C by the time we reach the Mesopause
