Met

Question 1

what is most valuable for telling weather

Answer 1

water vapour

Question 2

atmospheric divisions

Answer 2

1. troposphere
2. stratosphere
3. mesosphere
4. thermosphere

Question 3

standard

Answer 3

15 degrees C
29.92” Hg
lapse rate of 2 degrees per 1,000ft

Question 4

veer vs. back

Answer 4

veer = wind changes clockwise
back = wind changes counterclockwise

Question 5

dew point

Answer 5

temp. air must be cooled at at constant pressure to be saturated (at that temp. fog and clouds occur)

Question 6

relative humidity

Answer 6

moisture in air vs. maximum at given temp.
(air heated = relative humidity increases)
(closer dew point spread = higher)

Question 7

high clouds

Answer 7

ice crystals, no precip.
cirrus, cirrocumulus, cirrostratus (approaching warm front)

Question 9

Low level clouds

Answer 9

stratus, stratocumulus, nimbostratus (continuous rain)

Question 10

vertical development

Answer 10

cumulus, towering cumulus, cumulonimbus (thunder and lightning)

Question 11

atmosphere pressure

Answer 11

told with altimeter
pressure from weight of overlying air

Question 12

where is lowest pressure in low pressure system

Answer 12

centre

Question 12

how does air flow in low pressure system

Answer 12

inward and rises
counter-clockwise

Question 13

what kind of weather does a low pressure system bring

Answer 13

bad-lots of clouds
unstable

Question 14

how does air flow in high pressure system

Answer 14

sinks and flows outward
clockwise

Question 15

what weather does high pressure system bring

Answer 15

good-few clouds
stable

Question 16

coriolis force

Answer 16

pressure gradient force moves air from high to low
influenced by rotation of earth

Question 17

what does wind do on climb out

Answer 17

increase and veer

Question 18

what does wind do on descent

Answer 18

slows and backs

Question 19

what is a sea breeze

Answer 19

pnshore flow from rising heated air over land during day

Question 20

land breeze

Answer 20

offshore flow from cooling air over land flowing to sea at night

Question 21

mountain wind

Answer 21

peaks and valleys cause uneven heating
anabatic = upslope from daytime heating
catabatic = downslope from heavy air cooling

Question 22

mountain waves

Answer 22

airflow smooth up front, turbulent down back (wind shear and increased speed)

Question 23

squall

Answer 23

gust longer than 1 minute

Question 24

wind shear

Answer 24

sudden, drastic speed/direction change over small area

Question 25

why does atmosphere heat/cool

Answer 25

angle of sun hitting earth
solar radiation
terrestrial radiation

Question 26

convection

Answer 26

air moving from warm to cold (hot surface air rising)

Question 27

advection

Answer 27

air from cold flowing over warm 9heated by earth in bottom layers)

Question 28

turbulent mixing

Answer 28

mechanical mixing from ground friction

Question 29

compression

Answer 29

large section subsides (higher pressure = higher temp.)

Question 30

stages of thunderstorm

Answer 30

1. cumulus - hot air rising (updrafts)
2. cumulonimbus fully developed (up + down drafts, anvil top, rain, gust front, wind shear, hail)
3. tail end - downdrafts, less rain, strong wind burst

Question 31

icing

Answer 31

supercooled droplets on wings

Question 32

rime ice

Answer 32

milky, skin less that 0 degrees, leading edge

Question 33

clear ice

Answer 33

adds weight, larger supercooled drops, most dense

Question 34

frost

Answer 34

subzero surface and moist air (destroys lift)

Question 35

connective / thermal turbulence

Answer 35

sun heats ground, air rises

Question 36

mechanical turbulence

Answer 36

air over topographical features

Question 37

radiation fog

Answer 37

ground cools rapidly, surrounding air reaches dew point

Question 38

advection fog

Answer 38

warm air over cold ground (coastal)

Question 39

upslope fog

Answer 39

moist stable air forced up mountain

Question 40

steam fog

Answer 40

cold air over warm water

Question 41

ice fog

Answer 41

moist air during extremely cold, calm conditions