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Met 1 (Week 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What % of the atmospheric mass is in the Troposphere

A

75% & all water vapour

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2
Q

What composition of gasses makes up the atmosphere?

A

78% Nitrogen
21% Oxygen
1% other

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3
Q

What are the constituents of the atmosphere

A

Aerosol
CO2
O3
H2O
(water vapour most important)

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4
Q

ISA values for
Temperature
Pressure
Density
Lapse rate
Temp above Troposphere

A

All at mean Sea level
Temp=15C
Pressure=1013.2hPA
Density=1.225kg/m3
Lapse rate=1.98c/1000ft to 11km
Temp above Trop= constant -56.5C to 20km

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5
Q

Average Height of tropopause

A

Approx-56,000ft at equator, 28,000ft at poles (due to solar insulation and angle of inclination of sun)
36.090ft in mid altitudes

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6
Q

Types of radiation.
Short wave
Long wave

A

Short wave=Solar insulation from Sun
Long wave=Terrestrial radiation from the earth

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7
Q

Coduction

A

transfer heat through touch

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8
Q

Convection

A

Transfer through collision/movement of air (warm air rising)

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9
Q

Advection

A

Transfer through horizontal movement (Warm/cold advection Wind)

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10
Q

Radiation

A

Heat emitted into atmosphere from the ground

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11
Q

Albedo

A

The measure of an object or surfaces reflectivity (resistance to be warmed)

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12
Q

Specific Heat

A

The amount of energy required to heat an object or surface by 1C

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13
Q

Types of Inversion
-Radiation

A

Cooling of surface due to terrestrial radiation,
100-300ft due to conduction and low level mixing

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14
Q

Types of Inversion
-Frontal

A

Occurs at frontal boundry when warm air is forced to rise over cool air.
Dew point and air temp close therefore cloud will be consistent (heavy rain)

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15
Q

Types of Inversion
-Turbulance

A

Mixing below the friction layer due to buildings and terrain,
When ELR=1-2C
Wind=At least 10kts
around 2000-3000ft

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16
Q

Types of Inversion
-Subsidence

A

High pressure systems,
Air is forced to sink and warms

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17
Q

Impacts of inversions
(6 of them)

A

Formation of cloud
Vis reductions
Turbulence
Dew Point Temp
Windshear
A/C performance

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18
Q

Name 4 types of INVERSION

A

Radiation
Frontal
Turbulence
Subsidence

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19
Q

What are the three Pressure settings?

A

QNH
QNE
QFE

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20
Q

What is QNH?

A

Pressure corrected to mean sea level.
ALTITUDE above MSL

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21
Q

What is QNE?

A

1013.2hPa set on altimeter.
Pressure altitude / FLIGHT LEVEL

22
Q

What is QFE?

A

Aerodrome level pressure set on altimeter.
HEIGHT above the aerodrome

23
Q

What is the Transition altitude to go from QNH to QNE and back

A

QNH to QNE = 13,000ft
QNE to QNH = FL150

24
Q

Impact of Incorrect Pressure Scaling?

A

A/C can be indicated same alt, but be at different heights above the ground. terrain clearance and air traffic problems.

25
If the density is low, what will the density altitude be?
Density altitude will be high, A/C performance is lowered
26
Definition of a GUST
An increase of above 10kts above mean wind speed Short term
27
Definition of Squall
At least 22kts 16kts above mean wind speed lasts for longer than 1min
28
Definition of Gale
10min mean wind speed 34-47kts
29
Definition of (a)Veering (b)Backing
(a)Veering = Clockwise change in direction (b)Backing = Anticlockwise change in wind direction
30
The Seven (7) visual ways to estimate wind at surface from the air?
1)Windsock 2)Cloud shadows 3)A/C Drift 4)Landmuir circulation 5)Water ripples & Calm area 6)Cloud type or shape 7)Cows (bonus) = Beaufort scale
31
What is the Coriolis force?
An inertial force that acts on objects that are in motion to a frame of reference. Acts to the lefts in the Southern Hemisphere
32
What is the equation for the Coriolis Force?
CF=2wVsinLat
33
What are the 5 factors influencing visibility?
Fog & Mist Precipitation Smoke & Haze Dust & Sand Blowing Snow
34
What is the effect on visibility w.r.t RAIN intensity? -Light -Moderate -Heavy
Light = Little Reduction Moderate = 3-10km Heavy = Less than 3km
35
What is the effect on visibility w.r.t DZ or SNOW intensity? -Light -Moderate -Heavy
Light=8km or more Moderate=less than 8km, larger than 500m Heavy= less than 500m
36
What is the effect on visibility w.r.t FOG & MIST?
Fog = Less than 1km Mist= greater than or equal 1km
37
What is the effect on visibility w.r.t SMOKE & HAZE?
Less than or equal 5km
38
What is the effect on visibility w.r.t CLOUD?
High = Greater than 1km Middle = 20m - 1km Low = less than 30m Cu = less than 20m
39
What is SLANT RANGE?
How far a pilot can see through a layer of FOG or MIST
40
What are the types of FOG?
Radiation Advection
41
Conditions for Radiation FOG
-Clear skies -Over land -Overnight or Early Morning - High Humidity near the ground -Light surface wind of 2-7kts
42
Conditions for Advection FOG
-Clear or Cloudy skies -Anytime of day or night -High humidity near the ground -in all wind speeds, up to 20-25kts
43
Dispersal for Radiation FOG
-Warming of the Air -Increase of wind -Dry Air
44
Dispersal for Advection FOG
-Synoptic scale change in wind/temp etc...
45
Explain the relationship between visibility, illumination and transparency w.r.t the SUN and MOON
Visibility is not a function of illumination, but is a function of transparency of the air. The SUN and the MOON will illuminate objects but won't change the transparency.
46
What does Turbulence require?
Turbulence requires windshear to exist
47
What are the Four (4) types of TURBULENCE
(1)Mechanical = Due to objects/terrain (2)Convection = Due to thermal rising of air and mixing (3)Wake = Disturbed air that is produced by an A/C as it moves (4)CAT = Clear Air Turbulence, Jetstreams
48
Definitions of; Moderate Turbulence Severe Turbulence
Moderate = Moderate changes in attitude or altitude, the A/C remains in positive control. Small changes in A/C speed Severe = Abrupt changes in A/C attitude or altitude. A/C may be out of control for short periods. Usually large Variations in A/C speed.
49
Effect of Turbulence and A/C size
The larger the A/C the less of an effect Turbulence may have
50

Met 1 (2 decks)

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