Messer Notes Flashcards
Non-ephemeral ports
Ports 0 through 1023
server or service
Ephemeral ports
Temporary ports - Determine in real time by client
1024 through 65535
ICMP
Internet Control Message Protocol/PING
not used for data transfer. administrative tool
What are the OSI model layers?
Layer 7 - application Layer 6 - presentation Layer 5 - Session Layer 4 - Transport Layer 3 - Network Layer 2 - Data Link Layer 1 - Physical
Layer 2
Data link Frame
MAC address
Switching Layer
Layer 3
Network layer
routing layer
fragments frames
Layer 4
TCP/UDP
Layer 5
Communication management
Control protocols start, stop, restart
tunneling protocols
Layer 6
Character encoding
application encryption SSL/TLS
often combined with application
Layer 7
Application
the layer we see
HTTP, FTP
SYN
TCP Control Flag
Synchronize sequence numbers
PSH
TCP control flag
Push the data to the application without buffering
RST
TCP control flag
Reset the connection
FIN
TCP control flag
Last packet from the sender
IP fragmentation
splitting a frame in order for it to transmit according to the MTU
Star Topology
Hub and spoke
All devices connect to central device
Switched Ethernet Network
Ring Topology
Token ring
MAN
WAN
Built in fault tolerance
Bus topology
Coaxial cable was the bus
single cable connecting all devices
one break link disables entire network
Mesh typology
Fully connected/partial connected
redundancy, fault tolerance, load balancing
WAN
Hybrid Topology
Most networks are hybrids
Wireless Topology
Ad Hoc- one device to another
Mesh Internet wireless
Peer to Peer Network
all devices are both clients and servers
low cost
easy to deploy
Client server network
All client talks to server, no client to client
LAN
local area network
building or group building
Ethernet and 802.11
any slower and it isn’t local
PAN
Personal area network
bluetooth
work telemetry
CAN
Campus Area network
NAS
Network attached Storage
Connect to a shared storage device across the network
File-level access- must change entire gb file if edits are made
SAN
Looks and feels like local storage
block-level access- very efficient reading and writing
MPLS
Multiprotocol label switching
pushing and popping off label of data
mGRE
Multipoint Generic router encapsulation
dynamic mesh VPN builds itself
tunnels are build dynamically on-demand
send data directly instead of hub
SD-WAN
Software defined Networking in a WAN
WAN built for the cloud
CPE
Customer premises equipment
customer prem
Smartjack
Network interface Unit NIU
built-in diagnostics determines demarc
NFV
Network function virtualization
replace physical network with virtual version
managed with hypervisor
VMM
Virtual Machine Manager
hardware management
single console control
vSwitch
Virtual switch
functionality is similar to physical switch
Port forwarding, link aggregation, port mirroring
vNIC
virtual machine network interface card
Satellite networking
-non-terrestrial
high cost
high latency 250 ms up
rain fade
DSL
ADSL asymmetric digital subscriber line
uses telephone lines
10,000 foot limitation from the central office
Cable broadband
Broadband transmission across multiple frequencies
DOCSIS
data over cable service interface specification
type of connectivity for cable broadband
Metro-E
metro ethernet
connectivity on a small area
connect sites with ethernet
RG-6
coaxial cable single conductor
Twinaxial cable
Twins coaxial
10GB
SFP+ cables
Multimode fiber
light is reflecting through multiple modes
less expensive LED up to 2 km
Single- mode
smaller core
up to 100km
laser more expensive
LC
Local connector
two fibers
ST
Straight tip fiber
bayonet connectors
SC
Subscriber connector
square connector
fiber
MT-RJ
mechanical transfer registered Jack
alot of fiber in a small space
Return loss
light reflected back to the source
UPC
ultra polish connectors
high return loss
0 degree connector
APC
Angle polished connector
lower return loss
8 degree angle
RJ11
6p2C
telephone and DSL connection
RJ45
8P8C
ethernet
F-connector
coaxial cable
DOCSIS
Media converter
OSI layer 1
convert copper to fiber and back again
Transceiver
transmitter and receiver in one device
RX
receive side
TX
transmit side
BiDi
send and receive over single strand fiber
reduce number of fiber runs by half
SFP
small form factor pluggable
1Gbits fiber
SFP +
increase through put 16 Gbits
QSFP/QSFP +
quad small form factor pluggable
4 times the amount of information
4 gbs
QSFP + 40Gbits
Fiber distribution Panel
Permeant fiber installation
Fiber ben radius
Breaks when bent too tightly
Krone Block
europe 110 block
BIX
punch down block
BASE (baseband)
Single frequency using the entire medium
WDM
bidirectional communication
different “colors”
CWDM
10GBASE-LX4 uses 4 3.125 Gbit carriers at 4 different wavelengths
DWDM
Multiplex multiple OC carriers into a single fiber
add 160 signals, increase to 1.6Tbits
Default Gateway
The router that allows you to communicate outside of your local subnet
,ust be and IP address o the local subnet
loopback address
range 127.0.0.1 to 127.255.255.254
Reserved addresses
set aside for future testing
240.0.0.1 through 254.255.255.254
class E
VIP
not associated to physical network adaptor
Virtual machine, internal router address
APIPA
when DHCP is unavailable
a link-local address
no forwarding by routers
169.254.0.1 through 169.254.255.254
NAT overload/PAT
router changing ip and port to send to a public address.
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