Mesopotamian 9

Question 1

Alexander

Answer 1

Conquered Persians; entered Babylon in 331. Died in Babylon in 323. Coin shows him wearing Ram’s horns - reference to crowns of Mesopotamia

Question 2

Theatre of Alexander

Answer 2

4th cent. Babylon preserved; Alexander added some things such as a Theatre.

Question 3

Seleucid Empire

Answer 3

331-247. After Alexander died, Seleucus won control over region. Began to get a much larger trade network, even to China. Ended by the local satrap rebels

Question 4

Parthian Era

Answer 4

247 BC-224 AD.

Question 5

Seleucia on the Tigris

Answer 5

Capital built by Seleucus on the Tigris because the trade route was more beneficial. Hippodamian planning.

Question 6

Reclining Nude Female Figures from Seleucia on the Tigris

Answer 6

3rd-2nd cent, Marble/Alabaster. Hybridity of forms.

Question 7

Ishtar figurine with inlay

Answer 7

3rd cent, Alabaster, Babylon. Cross between Ishtar and Aphrodite/hybridity.

Question 8

Woman from Seleucia on Tigris

Answer 8

Limestone and marble (w stucco and gilding). Hybridity

Question 9

Clay bullae from Seleucia on the Tigris

Answer 9

3rd cent. Major source of iconography from the period

Question 10

Terracotta torso

Answer 10

1st cent BC, Seleucia on the Tigris. Very Western - note similarity to Belvedere Torso

Question 11

Lintel of grey limestone from Sennacherib’s palace at Nineveh

Answer 11

1st-2nd cent. AD, Parthian era. Parthian kings collected things from the past.

Question 12

Silver, electrum, and gold Rhyton

Answer 12

Parthian. Grapes typical of the cult of Dionysus.

Question 13

Statue of the god Verethragna Herakles

Answer 13

1st cent BC to 2nd AD, bronze, Temple of Apollo, Seleucia on the Tigris. Arsaces Vologases IV. Bilingual Greek and Aramaic inscription

Question 14

Hatra

Answer 14

2nd cent. BC - 2nd AD. Created by the Seleucids; flourished as trade center under the Parthians. Architecture with Eastern and Western influences.

Question 15

Temple of Shamash Marn Apollo and Dionysos Mithra

Answer 15

Influences from from East and West both visible

Question 16

King Atlw

Answer 16

1st cent AD, Parthian, Marble, Hatra.

Question 17

Sanatruq I or II

Answer 17

2nd-3rd cent AD, Hatra, Limestone, Parthian.

Question 18

Trajanic head from Hatra

Answer 18

98-117 AD, limestone, Parthian?, Hatra.

Question 19

Smy and Kenzi votives from Hatra

Answer 19

Votive offerings continue to be made.

Question 20

Bronze head of Mithra Dionysos

Answer 20

2nd cent. BC to 2nd AD, Parthian, Hatra.

Question 21

Ctesiphon

Answer 21

After 150 BC. Parthian center, in 244 AD conquered by Sassanian, Largest city in the world for some time in the 500s/600s.