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Western Civilization > Mesopotamia - Part 1 > Flashcards

Mesopotamia - Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does Mesopotamia mean?

A

“Land between two rivers”

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2
Q

What two rivers are around Mesopotamia?

A

Tigris

Euphrates

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3
Q

What is the nickname for Mesopotamia?

A

The fertile crescent

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4
Q

What were the Tigris and Euphrates rivers used for?

A

Water for irrigation

Transportation of goods

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5
Q

What present day countries are located where Mesopotamia was?

A

Iraq and Syria - (present day Middle East)

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6
Q

Who created city-states?

A

Sumerians

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7
Q

What is a city-state?

A

A city surrounded by villages on the surrounding land

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8
Q

What was the capital city of the Sumerians?

A

Ur

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9
Q

Define irrigation

A

System of diverting water from a main source to dry land

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10
Q

What rights did Sumerian women have?

A
  1. Legal rights

2. Could own property and run a business

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11
Q

What rights did Sumerian slaves have?

A
  1. Could set up a business
  2. Could borrow money
  3. Could buy their freedom
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12
Q

What could happen if Sumerian children did not obey?

A
  1. Could be beaten at school –> corporal punishment
  2. Could be sold into slavery
  3. Could be told who to marry
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13
Q

What was the religion of the Sumarians?

A

Polytheism - belief in many gods

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14
Q

What are ziggurats?

A

A rectangular stepped tower.

Used by Sumarians to study astronomy and be closer to the gods

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15
Q

Who was Gilgamesh?

A

Sumerian version of Hercules, hunts for everlasting life and built a boat to survive flood (Noah)

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16
Q

What form of writing was used by the Sumerians?

A

Cuneiform - writing on clay tablets

Stylus - piece of wood used to write on clay tablets

17
Q

What did the Sumerians invent?

A
  1. The wheel

2. Number system based on 60 - reason why our time is based on 60 (60 seconds, 60 minutes, etc.)

18
Q

Who was King of the Babylonians?

A

King Hammurabi

19
Q

What wasHammurabi’s code?

A

“An eye for an eye”
Created fairness to the people
Were written down for all to seee

20
Q

What was the Tower of Babel?

A

A giant ziggurat temple built to honor the god Marduk.

21
Q

Where did the Phoenicians live?

A

Around the city of Canaan (Lebanon and Syria today)

22
Q

How did the Phoenicians make a living?

A
  1. Ship building - land had huge forests of cedar trees

2. Sea trade - cloth, glass, metal works, ivory, slaves, wine

23
Q

Where did the color purple for royalty originate?

A

The Phoenicians made a purple cloth using shellfish.

It was so expensive that only kings could buy it.

24
Q

Where did the Phoenicians travel?

A

All around the Miditerranean Sea.

25
Q

Who founded the colonies of Spain and France?

A

The Phoenicians

26
Q

What did the Phoenicians leave behind?

A

Alphabet of 22 letters, used today

Western Civilization (2 decks)

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