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LAND2520E > Mesopotamia & Egypt > Flashcards

Mesopotamia & Egypt Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the mesopotamian region?

A

Middle eastern land of present day Iraq, Iran, and Syria. In the land between Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

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2
Q

How big is the Mesopotamian region and when did it begin?

A

500 miles long and 300 miles wide. 3500 BC

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3
Q

Who lived in the Mesopotamian area?

A

Sumerians, Akkadians and Neo Sumerians

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4
Q

What type of communities were found along the Mesopotamian region?

A

City States that were highly militaristic. Generally heavily fortified.

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5
Q

What is Acropilis?

A

A city that is elevated, important buildings being raised saves them from flooding.

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6
Q

What new action was done that improved financial transactions?

A

Writing

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7
Q

What was developed to create fertile lands?

A

Irrigation canals

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8
Q

What was built for agricultural surplus?

A

Large-scale storages

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9
Q

What were some newer occupations developed?

A

Priests, Merchants, Artisans and Architects

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10
Q

What were the building materials used in Mesopotamia?

A

Sun-baked mud bricks (with bitumen, reed matting and ropes for Ziggurats) and wood (for roofs)

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11
Q

What is a buttress?

A

An architectural structure built against a counter-fort or projecting wall, which serves to protect or reinforce the wall.

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12
Q

Ziggurat

A

A pyramidal stepped temple tower that is an architectural and religious structure characteristic of the major cities of Mesopotamia.

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13
Q

The shrine in the city of Eridu is an example of a ________.

A

Ziggurat

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14
Q

What was The Acropolis of Tepe Gawra, Sumer?

A

It was two temples, a shrine and dwelling houses forming a U-shaped court.

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15
Q

What is a pilaster?

A

A rectangular column projecting from a wall.

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16
Q

What was the time period of the white temple of Uruk and what was it built on?

A

(3500 - 3000 BC) and it was built on a 40 feet high rubble base.

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17
Q

What is the one way up a Ziggurat?

A

A steep stairway

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18
Q

What is the design principle of a Ziggurat?

A

Axiality

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19
Q

The ziggurat was a ______ and __________ focal point, which also honored the __________ political system of Mesopotamia.

A

Visual and Political, Theocratic

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20
Q

What was the design principle of the cities around a Ziggurat?

A

Orthogonal

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21
Q

What region used to be in present day Iraq, Syria and Jordan?

A

Babylon

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22
Q

When was Babylon started and what did Babylon mean in Akkadian?

A

1800 BC and “Gate of the Gods”

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23
Q

Who was Hammurabi and what did he create?

A

He was the most celebrated Babylonian king and creator of the Hammurabi’s code.

24
Q

What was Hammurabi’s code?

A

The first written code of law in existence.

25
Q

What was the Assyrian capital called and who was it built by at what time?

A

Khorsabad. Built by King Sargon II in 720 BC.

26
Q

The assyrian capital was a _____-stage Ziggurat (believed to represent the ______ order of _____ _______.

A

seven, cosmic, seven planets

27
Q

In the Assyrian capital of Khorsabad the palace rooms where separated by what?

A

courtyards

28
Q

What was the Egypt time period covered in the lecture?

A

2575BC - 1075BC

29
Q

What kind of culture was ancient Egypt predominately?

A

Rural-agricultural

30
Q

Ancient Egypt had over __ dynasties and over ___ rulers.

A

30, 300

31
Q

What were the building materials used in ancient Egypt?

A

mud bricks, limestone, granite

32
Q

What river is longer than the Tigris and Euphrates?

A

Nile river

33
Q

What kind of civilization was ancient Egypt?

A

Hydraulic

34
Q

What four regions were all established near rivers?

A

Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley, and Maya

35
Q

What were the two main uses of rivers?

A

Agriculture and navigation

36
Q

Hydraulic engineers built what two things?

A

Irrigation systems and large scale construction projects

37
Q

What were the Mastabas?

A

The earliest Egyptian tombs

38
Q

What were the Serdabs in Mastabas?

A

They were above ground chambers that housed a statue of the deceased to receive offerings.

39
Q

Describe the structure of a Mastaba.

A

They were mud brick or stone structures with a deep shaft underground that led to the burial chamber.

40
Q

What was the reason that Mastabas grew in size?

A

In hopes to deter robbers from attempting to steal the treasures that pharaohs were buried with.

41
Q

Why were Pharaohs buried with all their treasures?

A

Because they believed they needed them in order to have a successful and rich afterlife.

42
Q

Egyptian temples have what design concept?

A

Central Axiality

43
Q

What were the Egyptian temples used for?

A

Storage and Worship

44
Q

What were the pylons in Egyptian temples?

A

a pair of large, monumental tapering towers, with a shorter central gateway into the temple.

45
Q

What were the pylons built out of?

A

Stone

46
Q

What are hypostyle halls?

A

Colonnaded halls (roofs rest on columns).

47
Q

What is a Peristyle court?

A

An open court with columns around the inner walls.

48
Q

What are Obelisks?

A

An upright, tall, four-sided, narrow, tapering monument culminating in a pyramid shape on top.

49
Q

What were Egyptian gardens able to do?

A

They were able to create cooler havens in the hot and arid climate.

50
Q

What did Egyptian gardens look like?

A

Formal gardens with rectangular ponds and trees and pathways in linear positions.

51
Q

What was the Persian empires capital and where is it located in modern day?

A

Persepolis and Iran

52
Q

The Persian empire was the _______ empire in size of its time.

A

Largest

53
Q

At its peak, what modern countries did the Perisan empire encompass?

A

Areas of Iran, Egypt, Turkey, Afghanistan and Pakistan

54
Q

Persepolis, Persia (___BC)

A

518

55
Q

What animal was used in the hall of hundred columns?

A

Bulls

56
Q

What happened at the Temple of Inscriptions?

A

People and animals were sacrificed and thrown down stairs.

57
Q

Where was the Temple of Inscriptions located?

A

Palenque, Chiapas, Mexico

LAND2520E (7 decks)

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