Mesopotamia & Egypt

Question 1

Where is the mesopotamian region?

Answer 1

Middle eastern land of present day Iraq, Iran, and Syria. In the land between Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

Question 2

How big is the Mesopotamian region and when did it begin?

Answer 2

500 miles long and 300 miles wide. 3500 BC

Question 3

Who lived in the Mesopotamian area?

Answer 3

Sumerians, Akkadians and Neo Sumerians

Question 4

What type of communities were found along the Mesopotamian region?

Answer 4

City States that were highly militaristic. Generally heavily fortified.

Question 5

What is Acropilis?

Answer 5

A city that is elevated, important buildings being raised saves them from flooding.

Question 6

What new action was done that improved financial transactions?

Answer 6

Writing

Question 7

What was developed to create fertile lands?

Answer 7

Irrigation canals

Question 8

What was built for agricultural surplus?

Answer 8

Large-scale storages

Question 9

What were some newer occupations developed?

Answer 9

Priests, Merchants, Artisans and Architects

Question 10

What were the building materials used in Mesopotamia?

Answer 10

Sun-baked mud bricks (with bitumen, reed matting and ropes for Ziggurats) and wood (for roofs)

Question 11

What is a buttress?

Answer 11

An architectural structure built against a counter-fort or projecting wall, which serves to protect or reinforce the wall.

Question 12

Ziggurat

Answer 12

A pyramidal stepped temple tower that is an architectural and religious structure characteristic of the major cities of Mesopotamia.

Question 13

The shrine in the city of Eridu is an example of a ________.

Answer 13

Ziggurat

Question 14

What was The Acropolis of Tepe Gawra, Sumer?

Answer 14

It was two temples, a shrine and dwelling houses forming a U-shaped court.

Question 15

What is a pilaster?

Answer 15

A rectangular column projecting from a wall.

Question 16

What was the time period of the white temple of Uruk and what was it built on?

Answer 16

(3500 - 3000 BC) and it was built on a 40 feet high rubble base.

Question 17

What is the one way up a Ziggurat?

Answer 17

A steep stairway

Question 18

What is the design principle of a Ziggurat?

Answer 18

Axiality

Question 19

The ziggurat was a ______ and __________ focal point, which also honored the __________ political system of Mesopotamia.

Answer 19

Visual and Political, Theocratic

Question 20

What was the design principle of the cities around a Ziggurat?

Answer 20

Orthogonal

Question 21

What region used to be in present day Iraq, Syria and Jordan?

Answer 21

Babylon

Question 22

When was Babylon started and what did Babylon mean in Akkadian?

Answer 22

1800 BC and “Gate of the Gods”

Question 23

Who was Hammurabi and what did he create?

Answer 23

He was the most celebrated Babylonian king and creator of the Hammurabi’s code.

Question 24

What was Hammurabi’s code?

Answer 24

The first written code of law in existence.

Question 25

What was the Assyrian capital called and who was it built by at what time?

Answer 25

Khorsabad. Built by King Sargon II in 720 BC.

Question 26

The assyrian capital was a _____-stage Ziggurat (believed to represent the ______ order of _____ _______.

Answer 26

seven, cosmic, seven planets

Question 27

In the Assyrian capital of Khorsabad the palace rooms where separated by what?

Answer 27

courtyards

Question 28

What was the Egypt time period covered in the lecture?

Answer 28

2575BC - 1075BC

Question 29

What kind of culture was ancient Egypt predominately?

Answer 29

Rural-agricultural

Question 30

Ancient Egypt had over __ dynasties and over ___ rulers.

Answer 30

30, 300

Question 31

What were the building materials used in ancient Egypt?

Answer 31

mud bricks, limestone, granite

Question 32

What river is longer than the Tigris and Euphrates?

Answer 32

Nile river

Question 33

What kind of civilization was ancient Egypt?

Answer 33

Hydraulic

Question 34

What four regions were all established near rivers?

Answer 34

Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley, and Maya

Question 35

What were the two main uses of rivers?

Answer 35

Agriculture and navigation

Question 36

Hydraulic engineers built what two things?

Answer 36

Irrigation systems and large scale construction projects

Question 37

What were the Mastabas?

Answer 37

The earliest Egyptian tombs

Question 38

What were the Serdabs in Mastabas?

Answer 38

They were above ground chambers that housed a statue of the deceased to receive offerings.

Question 39

Describe the structure of a Mastaba.

Answer 39

They were mud brick or stone structures with a deep shaft underground that led to the burial chamber.

Question 40

What was the reason that Mastabas grew in size?

Answer 40

In hopes to deter robbers from attempting to steal the treasures that pharaohs were buried with.

Question 41

Why were Pharaohs buried with all their treasures?

Answer 41

Because they believed they needed them in order to have a successful and rich afterlife.

Question 42

Egyptian temples have what design concept?

Answer 42

Central Axiality

Question 43

What were the Egyptian temples used for?

Answer 43

Storage and Worship

Question 44

What were the pylons in Egyptian temples?

Answer 44

a pair of large, monumental tapering towers, with a shorter central gateway into the temple.

Question 45

What were the pylons built out of?

Answer 45

Stone

Question 46

What are hypostyle halls?

Answer 46

Colonnaded halls (roofs rest on columns).

Question 47

What is a Peristyle court?

Answer 47

An open court with columns around the inner walls.

Question 48

What are Obelisks?

Answer 48

An upright, tall, four-sided, narrow, tapering monument culminating in a pyramid shape on top.

Question 49

What were Egyptian gardens able to do?

Answer 49

They were able to create cooler havens in the hot and arid climate.

Question 50

What did Egyptian gardens look like?

Answer 50

Formal gardens with rectangular ponds and trees and pathways in linear positions.

Question 51

What was the Persian empires capital and where is it located in modern day?

Answer 51

Persepolis and Iran

Question 52

The Persian empire was the _______ empire in size of its time.

Answer 52

Largest

Question 53

At its peak, what modern countries did the Perisan empire encompass?

Answer 53

Areas of Iran, Egypt, Turkey, Afghanistan and Pakistan

Question 54

Persepolis, Persia (___BC)

Answer 54

518

Question 55

What animal was used in the hall of hundred columns?

Answer 55

Bulls

Question 56

What happened at the Temple of Inscriptions?

Answer 56

People and animals were sacrificed and thrown down stairs.

Question 57

Where was the Temple of Inscriptions located?

Answer 57

Palenque, Chiapas, Mexico