Meristematic tissues and growth 1.2

Question 1

Where apical meristem tissues are located?

Answer 1

Located at the tip of plant shoots and roots

Question 2

What does the lateral meristem tissues consists of?

Answer 2

Vascular cambium and cork cambium.

Question 3

Name the 3 different zones in the zone of cell growth in the order of stages.

Answer 3

Zone of cell division, zone of cell elongation, zone of cell differentiation.

Question 4

Name the growth of apical meristem.

Answer 4

Primary growth.

Question 5

Where does zone of cell growth occur?

Answer 5

Apical meristematic tissues (at the shoot and root tip of plants)

Question 6

What happens in the zone of cell division?

Answer 6

Meristem cells undergo mitosis, the increase of cells causes elongation of the plant root/stem. The cells that are formed previously is pushed to the zone of cell elongation.

Question 7

State the characteristics of the cell in zone of cell division.

Answer 7

Have small vacuole, nucleus (draw big) and cytoplasm.

Question 8

What happens in the zone of cell elongation?

Answer 8

Cells are increasing in size that happens because of water diffusion by osmosis and absorption of nutrients in the cells and is stored in the vacuole. The diffused water exerts pressure against the cell wall which elongates and widens the cell. Vacuolation happens.

Question 9

State the process of vacuolation.

Answer 9

Small vacuole fuse together to form a large vacuole.

Question 10

State the characteristics of the cell in zone of cell elongation.

Answer 10

Have large vacuole, nucleus (draw smaller than vacuole), cytoplasm.

Question 11

What happens in the zone of cell differentiation?

Answer 11

Cell that have reached their maximum size will differentiate to form permanent tissues such as phloem, xylem, epidermis, cortex. These specialised cells have specific functions.

Question 12

Example of the function of cells that have undergone differentiation. eg: root hair cells.

Answer 12

Example, epidermal cells in leaves differentiate and form guard cells that controls the opening of stomata.

Question 13

Name 2 types of growth in plants.

Answer 13

Primary and secondary growth.

Question 14

What is primary growth?

Answer 14

The growth that occurs after germination and takes place in all plants.

Question 15

Where does primary growth takes place?

Answer 15

In apical meristems.

Question 16

In the shoot tips, what will the leaf primordia and shoot primordia will grow into?

Answer 16

They will form new leaves and shoots.

Question 17

When the root cap is exhausted, how can it be replaced?

Answer 17

The cell can be replaced by the meristem cells.

Question 18

What is secondary growth?

Answer 18

This growth increases the circumference of plant stem and root. It occurs mainly in eudicots and small number of monocots only.

Question 19

Which plants will not undergo secondary growth?

Answer 19

Herbaceous plants.

Question 20

How does the secondary growth occur?

Answer 20

From the division of lateral meristem cells located in stem and root. Lateral meristem consists of vascular and cork cambium.

Question 21

Where does the vascular cambium located at?

Answer 21

Between xylem and phloem tissues in vascular bundles.

Question 22

Where does the cork cambium located at?

Answer 22

Under the epidermal layer.

Question 23

State the process of secondary growth at the plant stem.

Answer 23

Vascular cambium divides actively through mitosis and become cambium ring. Then cambium ring cells divide inwards to form new xylem and phloem which is the secondary xylem and secondary phloem. During this time, primary xylem is pushed towards the pith, while primary phloem is pushed towards the epidermis. The primary xylem is compressed to form a stronger wood layer because the walls of xylem is thickened with lignin that provides mechanical support to plants.

Question 24

In secondary growth of plant stem, what did the cork cambium actively divides into?

Answer 24

They form cork cells (outer side) and cortex (inner side).

Question 25

What does the cork layer functions as?

Answer 25

To protect the stem from pathogen when the epidermis is cracked.

Question 26

What is the cause when the secondary xylem layer is compressed?

Answer 26

Addition of the circumference of the stem which causes the epidermis of the stem to crack.

Question 27

State the process of secondary growth at the plant root.

Answer 27

Vascular cambium divides actively and combine to form a complete ring that is called the cambium ring. The cambium ring divides inwards to form secondary xylem and outwards to form secondary phloem. This causes the root to be more thick

Question 28

In secondary growth of plant root, what did the cork cambium actively divides into?

Answer 28

They form cork cells that provide protection to the root tissues.

Question 29

Example of monocots that undergo secondary growth.

Answer 29

Draceana sp. , Aloe sp. , Agave sp. . (underline it)

Question 30

What is the necessity/importance of the primary growth?

Answer 30

Allow maximum elongation of plant, primary phloem can transport products of photosynthesis from leaves to others parts of plants, xylem can transport water and mineral salts (roots to other parts) and primary xylem also provide mechanical support.

Question 31

What is the necessity/importance of the secondary growth?

Answer 31

Provide stability to plants, provides mechanical support, produces more xylem and phloem to replace the old or damaged ones, produces stronger and thicker bark and plants are able to live longer thus increasing the seed production and reproduction.

Question 32

State the similarities of primary and secondary growth.

Answer 32

Increase the size of plants, occur in woody plants, involve cell division by mitosis.

Question 33

State the economic importance of plants that undergo secondary growth.

Answer 33

Have strong and hard woods that can be used to make furniture, annual rings makes the furniture look more attractive, produces resin and oil, flowers as decorations, and fruits.

Question 34

What type of woods that can produce resin and oil?

Answer 34

Hopea sp. and meranti.