mental wellbeing and psychiatric illness Flashcards
childhood risks for poor mental health
7
- parental use of alcohol, tobacco and drugs during preganancy
- maternal stress during pregnancy
- low birth weight with impaired cognitive and language development
- poor parental mental health
- parental unemployment
- child abuse and adverse experiences
- use of cannabis
adulthood risks of poor mental health
9
- lower income and debt
- violence
- stressful life events
- houseing
- fuel poverty
- unemployment
- suicide is assoc with mental illness, physical illness, alchohol and drug missuse
- certain personality traits
- experience of abuse
common anxiety disroders
9
- generalised anxiety disorder
- panic disorder
- phobias
- social anxiety disorder
- post-traumatic stress disorder
- obsessive compulsive disorder
- health anxiety
- body dysmorphic disorder
- perinatal anxiety or perinatal OCD
generalised anxiety disroder
means having regular or uncontrollable worries about many different things in your everyday life. Because there are lots of possible symptoms of anxiety this can be quite a broad diagnosis, meaning that the problems you experience with GAD might be quite different from another person’s experiences.
* Excessive – more than someone else
* Persistent – doesn’t go away
* Unreasonable – shouldn’t be worried
panic disorder
- means having regular or frequent panic attacks without a clear cause or trigger. Experiencing panic disorder can mean that you feel constantly afraid of having another panic attack, to the point that this fear itself can trigger your panic attacks.
phobia
extreme fear or anxiety triggered by a particular situation (such as going outside) or a particular object (such as spiders).
social anxiety disorder
experience extreme fear or anxiety triggered by social situations (such as parties, workplaces, or everyday situations where you have to talk to another person). It is also known as social phobia.
PTSD
develop anxiety problems after going through something you found traumatic. PTSD can involve experiencing flashbacks or nightmares which can feel like you’re re-living all the fear and anxiety you experienced at the time of the traumatic events.
OCD
anxiety problems involve having repetitive thoughts, behaviours or urges.
depression definition
dental relevance
characterized by depressed or sad mood, diminished interest in activities that used to be pleasurable, weight gain or loss, psychomotor agitation or retardation, fatigue, inappropriate guilt and difficulties concentrating, as well as recurrent thoughts of death.
raise idea of depression if pt has change in behaviours, withdrawal, low mood. Be patient with them and empathetic
defer tx until depression is under control but prevention is key
* Careful with drugs – interactions
* Dry mouth – oral candidiasis, inc caries risk, reduced OH
* Have inc sugar due to xerostomia
main neurotransmitters focussed on by anti-depressant drugs
Serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine
dental implications/complaints related to depression
- Chronic facial pain
- Burning mouth or sore tongue (oral dysaesthesia)
- Temporomandibular dysfunction syndrome
- discharges (of fluid, slime or powder coming into the mouth)
- dry mouth or sialorrhea despite normal salivary flow
- spots or lumps
- halitosis
- disturbed taste sensation.
tardive dyskinesia
Involuntary movements of the tongue, lips, face, trunk, and extremities
It affects about 15–20% of patients who have been receiving antipsychotics including neuroleptics and atypical antipsychotics for many years, but sometimes only for short periods.
The symptoms of TD are usually mild so that the patient may be unaware of the movements. TD does not respond to withdrawal of the causative drug or to any other medication.
psychosis
lose some contact with reality.
might involve seeing or hearing things that other people cannot see or hear (hallucinations) and believing things that are not actually true (delusions).
hallucinations
Where a person hears, sees and, in some cases, feels, smells or tastes things that do not exist outside their mind but can feel very real to the person affected by them; a common hallucination is hearing voices.
