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PCM IV Exam II > Mental Status Exam > Flashcards

Mental Status Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between mood and affect?

A

Mood = SUBJECTIVE report of emotional state by patient

Affect = OBJECTIVE observation of patient’s emotional state by the physician

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2
Q

What are some components in your evaluation of a patient’s appearance and behavior?

A

Body habitus, eye contact, interpersonal style, style of dress, distinguishing features

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3
Q

What are some components of your evaluation of a patient’s mood and affect?

A

Euthymic, hyperthymic, or dysthymic

Body language, erratic or jerky movements, toe tapping, tight, tense

Facial expressions (tearfulness, smiles, frowns)

Stability (stable, fixed, labile)

Range (constricted, full)

Appropriateness

Intensity (flat, blunt, exaggerated)

Congruent/incongruent (whether mood and affect are compatible)

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4
Q

Excessive motor activity (pacing, squirming, restless, inability to sit still)

A

Akathisia

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5
Q

Term that may be used to describe the motor activity of a patient that is wringing their hands, rocking, picking at skin or clothing, rapid pacing, exaggerated gestures and movements

A

Agitation

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6
Q

Term that may be used to describe the motor activity of a pt with psychomotor retardation — slowing of physical and emotional reactions, lacking animation

A

Bradykinesia

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7
Q

Term that may be used to describe the motor activity of a patient displaying immobility with muscular rigidity or inflexibility (waxy flexibility)

A

Catatonia

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8
Q

Term that may be used to describe the motor activity of a patient with involuntary facial grimaces, choreothetic movements

A

Tardive dyskinesia

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9
Q

What are you assessing with the attention and executive functioning portion of the mental status exam?

A

Ability to focus based on internal or external priorities

The ordering and implementation of cognitive functions necessary to engage in appropriate behaviors

[testing each cognitive function involved in completing a task]

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10
Q

The _______ component of the mental status exam involves evaluation of ability to choose appropriate behaviors, i.e., if a patient repeatedly makes poor decisions despite adverse consequences and has inability to recognize consequences of actions

A

Judgement

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11
Q

The _______ component of the mental status exam involves evaluation of pt’s awareness and understanding of illness and need for treatment; i.e., denial would be an abnormal finding in this category

A

Insight

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12
Q

The _______ component of the mental status exam involves evaluation of a pts ability to name objects and their function

A

Gnosia

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13
Q

The _______ component of the mental status exam involves evaluation of a pts ability to carry out intentional motor acts

A

Praxis

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14
Q

_______ = inability to carry out motor acts; deficits may exist in motor or sensory systems, comprehension, or cooperation

A

Apraxia

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15
Q

The _______ component of the mental status exam involves evaluation of a pts ability to perceive and manipulate objects and shapes in space

A

Visuospatial proficiency

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16
Q

What are some components included in your evaluation of a pts language/speech during mental status exam?

A

Rate of speech (>100 wpm is normal; <50 wpm is abnormal)

Reading and writing appropriate to education level

Quantity (talkative, expansive, paucity, poverty)

Rate (fast, pressured, slow, normal)

Volume and tone

Fluency and rhythm

Coherent/incoherent

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17
Q

_____ = the immediate and involuntary repetition of words or phrases just spoken by others

A

Echolalia

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18
Q

_______ = the ability to recognize the emotional aspects of language using patterns of stress and intonation

A

Prosody

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19
Q

The memory component of the mental status exam involves evaluation of pt’s recall of past events. This includes _______ memory, which is recall of recent and past events, as well as _______, which is the ability to complete learned tasks without conscious thought

A

Declarative; procedural

20
Q

The _______ component of the mental status exam involves evaluation of the pts ability to recognize his or her place in time and space [i.e., knows time, date, place, person, situation]

A

Orientation

21
Q

The _______ component of the mental status exam involves evaluation of pts level and stability of consciousness, awareness, ability to respond to sensory input, may include Glasgow Coma Score

A

Sensorium

22
Q

________ cognition may be evident during though content portion of mental status exam if pt expresses feelings of guilt, worthlessness, hopelessness, helplessness

A

Depressive

23
Q

________ may be evident during though content portion of mental status exam if pt expresses persistent, unwanted, recurring thoughts

A

Obsessions

24
Q

________ may be evident during though content portion of mental status exam if pt expresses obsessive dwelling on negative thoughts of failures, loss, and humiliations

A

Ruminations

25
Q

________ may be evident during though content portion of mental status exam if pt expresses strong persistent fear of object or situation

A

Phobias

26
Q

What term describes the phenomenon of an individual experiencing innocuous events or mere coincidences and beliving that they have strong personal significance, and would be documented in the thought content portion of the mental status exam?

A

Ideas of reference

27
Q

What term describes fixed, false beliefs that one posseses superior qualities such as genius, fame, omnipotence, or wealth, and would be documented in the thought content portion of the mental status exam?

A

Ideas of grandeur

28
Q

What term describes false beliefs kept despite no supportive evidence, no attempt at reality checking, and would be documented in the thought content portion of the mental status exam?

A

Delusions

29
Q

Ideas of reference, ideas of grandeur, paranoid ideation, magical ideation, delusions, overvalued ideas, thought broadcasting, thought insertion, thought withdrawal, suicidal/homicidal ideation, depressive cognition, obsessions, ruminations, and phobias are documented regarding which category of the mental status exam?

A

Thought content

30
Q

Term used to describe misinterpretation of actual external stimuli, documented as a perceptual disturbance

A

Illusion

31
Q

Perceptual disturbance that involves a sense of eeriness, and the observer’s impression of seeing the situation for the first time, despite rationally knowing that he or she has been in the situation before

A

Jamais vu

[often described as the opposite of deja vu]

32
Q

Jamais vu is sometimes associated with certain types of _____, ______, and _______

A

Aphasia; amnesia; epilepsy

33
Q

The part of the mental status exam that evaluates thought processes looks at the organization of thoughts in a goal-oriented pattern.

________ thoughts = patient goes through multiple related thoughts before arriving at the answer to a question

A

Circumferential

34
Q

The part of the mental status exam that evaluates thought processes looks at the organization of thoughts in a goal-oriented pattern.

________ thoughts = patient moves from one topic to another without organization or coherence

A

Disorganized

35
Q

The part of the mental status exam that evaluates thought processes looks at the organization of thoughts in a goal-oriented pattern.

________ thoughts = patient listens to question and begins discussing related thoughts, but never arrives at the answer

A

Tangential

36
Q

The part of the mental status exam that evaluates thought processes looks at the organization of thoughts in a goal-oriented pattern.

________ thoughts = the use of many words where fewer would do, as when having difficulty finding a word

A

Circumlocution

37
Q

Name the 18 components of the mental status exam (lol I know)

A 
Appearance and behavior
Mood and affect
Motor activity
Attention
Executive functioning
Judgement
Gnosia
Language/speech
Memory
Orientation
Sensorium
Praxis
Prosody
Thought content
Perceptual disturbances
Insight
Thought processes
Visuospatial proficiency
38
Q

Potential diagnoses if pt has disheveled appearance

A

Depression

Schizophrenia/psychotic disorder

Substance use

39
Q

Potential diagnosis if pt displays irritability

A

Anxiety

40
Q

Potential diagnoses if pt shows poor eye contact

A

Depression

Psychotic disorder

41
Q

Potential diagnoses if pt displays akathisia

A

Anxiety

Drug overdose or withdrawal

Medication effect

Mood disorder

Parkinsonism

PTSD

Schizophrenia

42
Q

Potential diagnoses if pt presents with bradykinesia

A

Depression

Medication effect

Schizophrenia

43
Q

Potential diagnoses if pt presents with catatonia

A

Schizophrenia/psychotic disorder

Severe depression

44
Q

Potential diagnoses if pt is unable to count by sevens or fives, or cannot spell a word backwards

A

ADHD

Delirium

Dementia

Mood disorder

Psychotic disorder

45
Q

Potential diagnoses if pt presents with abnormalities in the following tests:

Clock drawing test — ask pt to draw a clock with hands set to 11:10

Trail-making test — ask pt to alternate numbers with letters in ascending order (e.g., A1B2C3)

A 
Delirium
Dementia
Mood disorder
Psychotic disorder
Stroke
46
Q

Potential diagnoses if pt presents with inability to identify an object and describe how it is used

A

Advanced dementia

Stroke

PCM IV Exam II (11 decks)

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