Mental Status, Ch. 5 Flashcards
What is Mental Status?
A person’s emotional and cognitive functioning
What triggers Stress?
It is triggered by traumatic life events and transient dysfunction
Mental Disorder
A much greater response to a traumatic life event is characterized by a significant behavioral or psychological pattern, that is associated with distress
Organic Disorder
Caused by brain disease of known specific organic cause (e.g. anxiety disorder, dementia, alcohol and drug intoxication, and withdrawl)
Psychiatric Mental Illness
Organic Etiology hasn’t been established (anxiety disorder, or schizophrenia)
When do we need to do a mental status exam?
- Evaluating recent trauma
-Report of decline cognitive ability
-When patient requires thorough exam of emotional and cognitive functioning
What are factors affecting Mental Status?
-Developmental Competence
-Genetics and Environment
-Sexual and Gender Minority
What are the 4 components of a mental status exam? (ABCT)
ABCT
-Appearance
-Behavior
-Cognition
-Thought Process and Perceptions
What are some components of Mental Status Exam?
Consciousness
Language
Mood and Affect
Orientation
attention
Memory
Abstract reasoning
Thought Process
Thought Content
Perceptions
What are components of Appearance (General Survey)?
-Posture
-Body Movements
-Dress
-Grooming and hygiene
-Pupils
What are components of Behavior (General Survey)?
-Level of Consciousness (LOC)
-Facial Expression
-Speech
-Mood and affect
What are components of Cognitive Functioning (general Survey)?
-Orientation
-Attention Span
-Recent Memory
-Remote Memory
-New Learning (4 unrelated words)
What are components of Thought Process (General Survery)?
-Thought process: thinking is logical, goal directed, coherent, relevant
-Thought Content: what they say is consistent and logical
-Perceptions: Person should be consistently aware of reality
Suicidal thoughts
What’s the scale used for Anxiety Disorders?
Generalized Anxiety disorder Scale (GAD-7) 7=7items
What is the scale used for Depression Disorders?
Patient Health Questionaire-2(PHQ-2) or PHQ-9
2 and 9 are questions
What does Cognitive Impairment look like?
-Clouding Consciousness
-Impaired Alertness
-Impaired Memory
-Disoriented, Language Impairment
-Hallucinations
-Increased Confusion at night
-Agitation
What are some components of Delirium?
-Acute disturbance of consciousness and cognition(Short period of time)
-No History of Dementia
-May develop in addition to dementia during period of hospitalization
-Medical conditions preclude (prevent from happening)this condition
What are some components of Dementia?
-Multiple Cognitive deficits
-Chronic disturbance of consciousness and cognition
-Long and Short-Term memory loss, with short term more pronounced.
-Disturbances in executive function
-Speech and Language disturbances
Level of Consciousness
A term used to describe a person’s awareness and understanding of what is happenings in his or her surroundings
Cognitive Impairment
When a person has trouble remembering, learning new things concentrating, or making decisions that affect their everyday life.
What is the Sedation Scale?
A scale used to Assess level of consciousness
What is the Gaslow Coma Scale?
Measures best motor, verbal and eye response, determinate of LOC, a score < 8 denotes Coma.
What is Global Aphasia?
Most common and severe. Spontaneous speech is absent or reduced to few stereotyped words or sounds. Comprehension is absent or reduced, repetition, reading, and writing are severely impaired. Language recovery is poor.
Broca’s(Expressive) Aphasia
The person can understand language but cannot use language effectively. Usually uses Short sentences w/ no connecting words. Can’t repeat, or read aloud, auditory and reading comprehension are intact.
Wernicke(Receptive) Aphasia
Can hear sounds and words, but cannot relate them to previous experiences. Speech is Fluent, effortless and well articulated has many word substitutions and made-up words. Speech can be incomprehensible. Impaired repetition, reading and writing.
What should you do to communicate with Broca affected patient?
-Speak Clearly
-Books on Tape
-Picture board
-written words, can read and understand
-Yes/No questions
-Email
What should you do to communicate with Wernicke affected patient?
-Picture Board
-Don’t keep talking and repeating
-Don’t write, Can’t read
-Use gestures to help with understanding