Mental Health Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is rapid cycling?

A

Bipolar Disorder: If a person has four or more mood shifts within a year, the person is said to be rapid cycling.

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2
Q

Delusion of Grandeur

A

A false or unusual belief about one’s greatness. A person may believe, for instance, that they are famous, can end world wars, or that they are immortal.

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3
Q

Auditory Hallucinations

A

False perceptions of sound. They have been described as the experience of internal words or noises that have no real origin in the outside world and are perceived to be separate from the person’s mental processes.

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4
Q

Clang Associations

A

Groupings of words, usually rhyming words, based on similar-sounding sounds, even though the words themselves don’t have any logical reason to be grouped together. A person who is speaking this way may be showing signs of psychosis in bipolar disorder or schizophrenia.

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5
Q

Flight of Ideas

A

A rapid shifting of ideas with only superficial associative connections between them that is expressed as a disconnected rambling from subject to subject and occurs especially in the manic phase of bipolar disorder.

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6
Q

Separation Anxiety

A

Separation anxiety: Patient experiences excessive fear or anxiety when separated from an individual to whom the client is emotionally attached.
:Fear is that something tragic will occur, resulting in permanent separation.
:Anxiety disrupts the ability to participate in routine daily activities.
:Physical manifestations (before or during separation)-headaches, nausea, vomiting, and sleep disturbances
:Treatment is aimed at reducing the anxiety and reinforcing a sense of security in both the child and the family during periods of separation. Although some children are successful in accomplishing these goals, others go on to develop a chronic anxiety disorder, panic disorder, or depression.

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7
Q

Splitting Behavior

A

:Defense mechanism
:The inability to incorporate positive and negative aspects of oneself or others into a whole image.
:Frequently seen in the acute mental health setting.
:Commonly associated with borderline personality disorder
: The client tends to characterize people or things as all good or all bad at any particular moment.

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8
Q

No Harm Contract

A

Used for suicide prevention.
A “no-harm” contract may be established with the client every shift and renewed at a specific time. The contract should include a statement that the client will not kill or injure himself or herself and will notify the staff when suicidal thoughts first occur. Random client checks are done to avoid possible anticipation of time intervals that the checks are done.

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9
Q

What do you know about haloperidol and what are the expected outcomes when administering it?

A

:Antipsychotic
:Haloperidol (Haldol)
:Orthostatic hypotension, sedation, drowsiness, headache, insomnia, agitation, anxiety, extrapyramidal symptoms, dry mouth, dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, hyperglycemia, cough, photosensitivity, urinary retention, decreased libido
:highpotency drug therefore causes more extrapyramidal effects
:These side effects block the neurotransmitter dopamine causing irritation of the pyramidal tracts of the CNS that coordinate involuntary movements. These reactions are much more devastating than anticholinergic and antiadrenergic side effects and contribute to the noncompliance exhibited by many clients for whom these drugs are prescribed.
:Akathisia—motor restlessness, inability to sit still
:Dystonias—rigidity in muscles that control posture, gait, or eye movement
:Tardive dyskinesia—late-appearing and irreversible movements of the mouth and face that include lip-smacking and grinding of teeth, protruding tongue movements. A mask-like facial appearance, tremors, shuffling gait, cogwheel rigidity, pill-rolling, and stooped posture are common indications that long-term use of these drugs has occurred.
:Drug-induced parkinsonism—symptoms that mimic parkinsonism such as tremors, rigidity, akinesia, or absence of movement with diminished mental state
:Neuroleptic malignant syndrome—a potentially fatal reaction most often seen with the high-potency antipsychotic agents. This response typically has an onset from 3 to 9 days after treatment is initiated. Symptoms include muscular rigidity, tremors, inability to speak, altered level of consciousness, hyperthermia, autonomic dysfunction (hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnea, diaphoresis), and elevated white blood cell count. Although neuroleptic malignant syndrome occurs in a very low percentage of clients taking these medications, the need for early recognition and immediate medical intervention is imperative.

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10
Q

Is Aricept a cholinesterase inhibitor? What is it used for to treat in the elderly? What are the anticipated outcomes when administering?

A

:Use with Dementia
:Cholinesterase inhibitors Galantamine (Razadyne—formerly called Reminyl) Donepezil (Aricept) Rivastigmine (Exelon) (Tacrine (Cognex) is rarely prescribed today due to serious side effects and possible liver damage)
:Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, dizziness, rash, urinary frequency, insomnia, blurred vision, muscle cramps
:Useful in increasing the levels of neurotransmitters or chemical messengers to the portions of the brain affected by AD. They can improve mental alertness and cognition, along with reducing the behavioral problems. The cholinesterase inhibitors can delay worsening of symptoms for 6 to 12 months for some who take them.

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11
Q

What contraindications are a concern with MAOI?

A
\:Tyrosine-containing foods
\:Severe liver and kidney impairment, severe or frequent headache, uncontrolled hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and cerebrovascular diseases
\:Alcohol
\:Other Antidepressants
\:Some painkillers
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12
Q

How long should a client with an eating disorder be provided for consumption of a meal?

A

Restrict time for meals to 30 minutes to reduce focus on food and eating.

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13
Q

Personality

A

An enduring pattern of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about oneself and the environment that is demonstrated in our social and interpersonal relationships.

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14
Q

Personality Traits

A

Central Traits: general, prominent features

Secondary Traits: may surface in some situations

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15
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A
  1. Physiological Needs: air, water, food, shelter, sleep, clothing, reproduction
  2. Safety Needs: personal security, employment, resources, health, property
  3. Love and Belonging: friendship, intimacy, family, sense of connection
  4. Esteem: respect, self-esteem, status, recognition, strength, freedom
  5. Self-actualization: desire to become the most that one can be.
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16
Q

Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development

A
Infant-18 mos: Trust vs Mistrust
18 mos-3 yrs: Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt
3-5 yrs: Initiative vs Guilt
5-13 yrs: Industry vs Inferiority
13-21 yrs: Identity vs Confusion
21-39 yrs: Intimacy vs Isolation
40-65: Generativity vs Stagnation
65+: Integrity vs Despair
17
Q

What are expected outcomes of appropriately medicated ADHD clients?

A

Improvement in the manifestations of ADHD. Such as: increase in ability to focus and complete tasks, interact with peers, and manage impulsivity & consistent decrease in disruptive and dangerous behaviors along with the ability to function in a social or structured learning environment.

18
Q

Personality Disorders

A

Exhibit one or more of the following common pathological personality characteristics
:Inflexibility/maladaptive responses to stress
:Compulsiveness and lack of social restraint
:Inability to emotionally connect in social and professional relationships
:Tendency to provoke interpersonal conflict
:Ability to merge personal boundaries with others

19
Q

Cluster A Personality Disorders

A

Odd or Eccentric Traits

Paranoid: Characterized by distrust and suspicion toward others based on unfounded beliefs that others want to harm, exploit, or deceive the person

Schizoid: Characterized by emotional detachment, disinterest in close relationships, and indifference to praise or criticism; often uncooperative.

Schizotypal: Characterized by odd beliefs leading to interpersonal difficulties, an eccentric appearance, and magical thinking or perceptual distortions that are not clear delusions or hallucinations.

20
Q

Cluster B Personality Disorders

A

Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic Traits

Antisocial: Characterized by disregard for others with exploitation lack of empathy, repeated unlawful actions, deceit, and failure to accept personal responsibility; sense of entitlement; manipulative, impulsive, and seductive; nonadherence to traditional morals and values; verbally charming and engaging.

Borderline: Characterized by instability of affect, identity, and relationships, as well as splitting behaviors, manipulation, impulsiveness, and fear of abandonment; often self-injurious and potentially suicidal; ideas of reference are common; often accompanied by impulsivity.

Histrionic: Characterized by emotional attention-seeking behavior, in which the person needs to be the center of attention; often seductive and flirtatious.

Narcissistic: Characterized by arrogance, grandiose views of self-importance, the need for consistent admiration, and a lack of empathy for others that strains most relationships; often sensitive to criticism.

21
Q

Cluster C Personality Disorders

A

Anxious or Fearful Traits; Insecurity and Inadequacy

Avoidant: Characterized by social inhibition and avoidance of all situations that require interpersonal contact, despite wanting close relationships, due to extreme fear of rejection; often very anxious in social situations.

Dependent: Characterized by extreme dependency in a close relationship with an urgent search to find a replacement when one relationship ends.

Obsessive-Compulsive: Characterized by perfectionism with a focus on orderliness and control to the extent that the individual might not be able to accomplish a given task.