Mental Health Revision Flashcards
What act of parliament is the legislation pertaining to mental health, including the year of proclamation?
Mental Health Act 2014
Who is considered to have overall responsibility for implementing the Mental Health Act?
The Office of the Chief Psychiatrist
What are the 3 reasons required for admission as an involuntary patient?
- Presents a risk of harm to themselves
- Presents a risk of harm to others or damage to property.
- Has been diagnosed with a mental health condition and requires treatment.
What is meant by the term “Community Treatment Order”?
A legal order made that permits treatment for an involuntary patient in a community setting, which requires the patient to comply with set obligations, failure of which will require them to be admitted to a mental health facility.
What are the main functions of the Mental Health Tribunal?
An independent body consisting of a lawyer, a psychiatrist, and a layperson, whose main functions are to decide if patients are to undergo electro-convulsive therapy, to review treatment orders for ceasation or extension, investigate complaints, and to protect involuntary patient rights.
What is meant by the term stigma, and what are three ways it impacts on a person with mental illness?
The influence of shame or guilt onto a person with a mental health condition, and then discriminated against and stereotyped. The effect of stigma may influence a person to not seek adequate mental health treatment; to have difficulties transitioning back to normal life following treatment; and affect their employment opportunities.
What are seclusion and restraint, and what are the legal requirements for their implementation?
Seclusion involves the isolation of a person in an environment which they do not have the ability to leave of their own volition. Can only occur with a written order; with a doctor’s permission, who can also extend or cease the order; for a maximum of 2 hours; and with observations conducted every 15 minutes. Restraint is the mechanical, physical, or chemical restraining of a person, to prevent them harming or damaging themselves, others, or property.
What are the legal aspects of confidentiality and consent?
Confidentiality ensure that the patient’s sensitive medical information is kept secure and only divulged to those who need to know, and is guaranteed unless there is a threat of harm to themselves or others, or conduct of illegal activity. Informed consent is the clear written or verbal confirmation of understanding and agreement from a patient.
What are mental health consumer rights?
Guarantee of inherent dignity, the right to a second opinion, and equal protection of rights as per any other health care consumer.
What are the four broad classifications of mental health disorders?
Anxiety Disorders, Mood Disorders, Personality Disorders, Psychotic Disorder.
What are 2 major, and 4 minor symptoms of someone with depression?
- Low mood for at least 2 weeks.
- Anhedonia (Lack of pleasure)
- Fatigue
- Poor hygiene
- Reduced or disordered appetite
- Reduced or disordered sleep
What are the positive signs of schizophrenia?
Delusions, disordered thinking, hallucinations
What is an appropriate response to a patient to exclaims “You are the best nurse, I want you to remember me!”?
Thank you that is very nice, but I’m concerned that you are thinking of self-harm or suicide?
What is the best intervention for a patient experiencing a panic attack?
Stay with the patient and reassure them.
What underlying emotion is most common in persons with borderline personality disorder?
Anger
What typifies the speech of someone in the acute phases of mania?
Pressure of speech (Urgent and erratic speech)
What are 3 common anxiety disorders?
Generalised anxiety, PTSD, OCD
What are delusions?
A false, fixed belief that has no basis in reality and is unresponsive to logic or reason.
What is repression?
A blocking of wishes or desires by the conscious mind
What are hallucinations?
Sensory perceptions in the absence of any corresponding stimuli.
What is denial?
A refusal to accept facts of reality, the existence of feelings, or the happening of an event.
What are phobias?
An extreme and irrational fear of certain objects or situations.
What is de-realisation?
A sense that everything and everyone in an environment is not real or unreal.
What are the differences between anxiety and fear?
Anxiety is a non-specific, general state of fear. Fear is a triggered and directed sense of distress.
What are the differences between a psychiatrist and a psychologist?
A psychiatrist is a medical doctor, and is able to prescribe medication for treatment, along with other therapies. A psychologist is a medical professional but not a medical doctor, so is unable to prescribe medication, and instead focuses on counselling and therapy.
What is the difference between neurosis and psychosis?
Neurosis is a mild mental illness and form of stress, which does not involve loss of touch with reality. Psychosis is a severe mental illness, which does involve loss of touch with reality.
What is a person experiencing if they believe that everyone is conspiring against them?
Delusions
When a person believes that a news broadcast has special meaning only to them, this is an example of …?
Ideas of Reference
True or False: Loose association is characterised by rapid speaking and quick changes of thought.
True
True or False: Agitation is a state of chronic restlessness.
True
True or False: Flight of ideas is a disturbance of thought where thoughts are unfocused and vague.
True
True or False: Dyskinesia is impairment of muscle tone.
False
True or False: Tactile, olfactory, and visual are words to describe hallucinations.
True
Mood stabilisers are used for what disorder; what are some medication examples; what are some common side effects; and what is the usual route of administration?
Bipolar; Carbamazepine, Lithium carbonate; Nausea, headaches, dizziness, drowsiness; Oral
Depression is treated with what group of medications; what are some examples; what are some common side effects; and what is the usual route of administration?
Antidepressants; Sertraline, Fluoxetine; Nausea, headaches, dizziness, drowsiness; Oral
Anxiolytics are used for what disorder; what are some medication examples; what are some common side effects; and what is the usual route of administration?
Anxiety; Lorazepam, diazepam; Nausea, headaches, dizziness, drowsiness; Intramuscular and Oral
Antipsychotics are used for what disorder; what are some medication examples; what are some common side effects; and what is the usual route of administration?
Schizophrenia; Risperidone, clozapine; Headaches, dizziness, drowsiness; Intramuscular and Oral
What class of drugs have the common side effects of insomnia, agitation, nausea and anxiety?
SSRI Antidepressants
What must a person who is on antipsychotic medications apply regularly?
Sunscreen
What can use of anxiolytics lead to?
Addiction
Fill in the blanks: Carbamazepine and valproic acid belong to the drug group BLANK but in mental health are used as BLANK.
Anticonvulsants; Mood stabilisers
What is the role of an enrolled nurse in an inpatient facility?
Provide designated care, under the supervision of a registered nurse. Respond appropriately to signs of mental illness, contribute to care planning, completion of documentation, and contribute to patient recovery.
What are the key steps for a therapeutic environment?
Genuineness, Safe environment, Open and honest communication, Non-judgmental attitude
What are the steps required to de-escalate a situation with an aggressive client?
Assess risk to yourself and others
Maintain a low voice when speaking
Determine the trigger for the situation
Negotiate to determine a solution
and call for help if it is required
What is the most important short-term goal for a client that manipulates others?
For them to acknowledge their own behaviours and learn to express their feelings verbally.
What is the overall goal for mental health care of a patient with schizophrenia?
Control of their symptoms
What is the best goal for a client learning relaxation?
To experience their anxiety without becoming overwhelmed.
Why is it important to increase awareness of oral health in mental health care clients?
To combat tooth decay, infection of gums, poor nutrition, and feelings of low self-esteem and poor body image.
What is the recovery model of mental health care about?
It is about the individual focused approach to care planning, with the individual taking control of their care and recovery.
How do nursing theories apply to the context of mental health care?
They provide framework and guidelines for holistic care of clients, with the application of theories such as Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.
