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year 3 drug list > Mental health PPT > Flashcards

Mental health PPT Flashcards

1
Q

what can benzodiazepines be used for?

A

anxiety disorders, alcohol withdrawal symptoms, acute behaviour control and rapid tranquillisation

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2
Q

name some benzodiazepines

A

lorazepam, diazepam, temazepam

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3
Q

MOA of benzodiazepines

A

they target the GABA type A receptors. They encourage GABA to bind to GABA A receptors which opens chloride channels and allows Cl- to flow into cells, making them more resistant to depolarisation

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4
Q

side effects of benzodiazepines

A

drowsiness, sedation, dependance

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5
Q

what are SSRIs used to treat?

A

anxiety disorders, depression

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6
Q

name some SSRIs

A

sertraline, fluoxetine, citalopram

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7
Q

MOA of SSRIs

A

block the neuronal reuptake of serotonin, increasing its conc in the synaptic cleft and increasing it’s availability for neurotransmission

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8
Q

side effects of SSRIs

A

GI upset, hypersensitivity reactions, suicidal thoughts

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9
Q

what are SNRIs used to treat?

A

anxiety disorders, depression

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10
Q

name some SNRIs

A

duloxetine, venlafaxine

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11
Q

MOA of SNRIs

A

they block the neuronal reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline, increasing their conc in synaptic cleft and increasing availability for neurotransmission

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12
Q

side effects of SNRIs

A

GI upset, headaches, serotonin syndrome

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13
Q

what can MAOIs be used to treat?

A

major depression, phobias, social anxiety disorder

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14
Q

name some MAOIs

A

phenelzine, moclebemide

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15
Q

MOA of MAOIs

A

monoamine oxidase is the enzyme which degrades monoamines in the presynaptic nerve. MAOIs inhibit this, leading to accumulation of monoamines in presynaptic cell which can be released upon nerve stimulation

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16
Q

side effects of MAOIs

A

postural hypotension, throbbing headaches, food interactions (foods containing tyramine)

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17
Q

what can buspirone be used to treat?

A

anxiety disorders (it’s an azapirone anxiolytic)

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18
Q

MOA of buspirone

A

not known well. Thought to be partial agonist to 5-HT receptors on presynaptic cell, binds to these and has negative feedback. Takes at least 2 weeks to have an effect

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19
Q

side effects of buspirone

A

nausea, dizziness, nervousness

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20
Q

what can anti-psychotic be used for?

A

psychotic symptoms, schizophrenia, acute behavioural control, rapid tranquillisation

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21
Q

name some first generation anti-psychotics

A

haloperidol, chlorpromazine

22
Q

name some second generation anti-psychotics

A

olanzepine, risperidone, quetiapine, clozapine, aripriprazole

23
Q

MOA of first generation anti-psychotics

A

they are D2 receptor antagonists with a slow dissociation, targeting the mesolimbic pathway.can target 5-HT receptors. Can also target other pyramidal pathways, which gives lots of side effects.

24
Q

side effects of first generation anti-psychotics

A

extrapyramidal effects e.g. dystonia, parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia
galactorrhoea
prolonged QT (haloperidol)

25
Q

MOA of second generation anti-psychotics

A

they are D2 receptor antagonists in the mesolimbic pathway, but with lower affinity and less side effects. can also target 5-HT receptors

26
Q

side effects of second generation anti-psychotics

A

extrapyramidal effects at high doses

27
Q

what treatment can be used for nicotine addiction?

A

nicotine replacement therapy, buproprion and varenicline

28
Q

MOA of buproprion

A

atypical antidepressant. It’s a weak inhibitor of neuronal noradrenaline and dopamine reuptake, also has nicotine receptor antagonist activity

29
Q

side effects of buproprion

A

anxiety, headaches, dry mouth, contraindicated in bulimia and anorexia

30
Q

MOA of varenicline

A

partial nicotine receptor agonist

31
Q

side effects of varenicline

A

GI upset, dry mouth, headaches

32
Q

name an alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist and give its indication

A

mirtazapine (NASSA). Major depression

33
Q

MOA of mirtazapine

A

binds to and inhibits pre-synaptic alpha-2 adrenoceptors, increasing the concentration of monoamines (noradrenaline, serotonin) in the synaptic cleft

34
Q

side effects of mirtazapine

A

GI upset, headaches, insomnia

35
Q

name some tricyclic antidepressants

A

amitriptyline, lofepramine, imipramine

36
Q

what can TCAs be used to treat?

A

depression (if SSRIs ineffective), an addition for chronic/neuropathic pain

37
Q

MOA of TCAs

A

inhibit neuronal reuptake of 5-HT and noradrenaline, increasing concentration in synaptic cleft available for neurotransmission

38
Q

side effects of TCAs

A

arrhythmias, hallucinations, hypotension

39
Q

MOA of lithium

A

largely unknown and complicated. Has multiple effects on CNS

40
Q

indications of lithium

A

treatment and prophylaxis of hypomania/mania in bipolar, recurrent depression

41
Q

side effects of lithium

A

lithium toxicity, nephropathy, tremor, hypothyroid

42
Q

name some anticonvulsants

A

carbamazepine, sodium valproate, lamotrigine

43
Q

indications of anticonvulsants

A

treatment and prophylaxis of hypomania/mania in bipolar

44
Q

MOA of anticonvulsants

A

facilitation of GABAminergic inhibitory neurotransmission and consequent modulation of excitatory glutamatergic neurons

45
Q

side effects of anticonvulsants

A

drowsiness, dizziness, nausea

46
Q

side effects of clozapine

A

agranulocytosis, myocarditis

47
Q

side effects of risperidone

A

galactorrhoea (milky tittys)

48
Q

side effects of quetiapine

A

QT elongation

49
Q

features of TCA OD

A

tachycardia and tachypnoea
urinary retention
dilated pupils
hypereflexia

50
Q

contraindication of sodium valproate

A

don’t use in pregnancy, causes neural tube defect

year 3 drug list (4 decks)

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