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mental health nursing Flashcards

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1
Q

Mental Health:

A

State of well-being in which individuals reach their potential, cope with normal stresses of life, work productivity, and contribute to the community

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2
Q

World Health Organization (2019) defines health is:

A

“a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”

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3
Q

Traits of positive mental health

A

rational thinking
communication skills
learning
emotional growth
resilience
self esteem

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4
Q

Mental Illness

A

Psychiatric disorders with definable diagnoses

Significant dysfunction in mental functioning related to:
1) Developmental
2) Biological
3) Physiological disturbances

Culturally defined & always changing

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5
Q

Mental health vs mental illness

A

A real middle ground exists: stress discomft from everyday life

Conceptualized as points along a mental health continuum

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6
Q

Resilience

A

how you bounce back

ability and capacity to secure resources needed to support well-being

characterized by:
1) ability to secure needed resources
2) capacity for regulating one’s own emotions and overcoming negative, self-defeating thoughts

Essential to recovery

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7
Q

Social and Economic circumstances

A

Family

Schools and peer groups

Socioeconomic status

Educational advancement

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8
Q

Environmental factors

A

Political climate & cultural considerations

Social & economic policies

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9
Q

Stigma

A

Refers to the discrediting, devaluing, and shaming of a person because of a person because of characteristics or attributes that they possess

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10
Q

Stigma involves 3 elements

A

A lack of knowledge (ignorance)

Negative attitudes (prejudice)

People behaving in ways that disadvantage the stigmatized person (discrimination)

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11
Q

Five themes of stigma in mental health nursing;
Four themes are patient-related

A

Personal/patients stigma

Public/social stigma

Family stigma

Employment stigma

The fifth theme is related to stigma toward healthcare professionals working with patients with mental illnesses:

  • Professional stigma
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12
Q

How do we reduce stigma about the mental health population?

A

Self-reflection & education

A ‘bottom up’ approach

General public campaigns

Target the media to try and ensure more balanced and accurate coverage of mental health issues

Anti-discrimination policy and legislation

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13
Q

Perceptions of Mental Health & Mental Illness

A

Mental illness versus physical illness:

Root of most mental disorders lies in intercellular abnormalities

Nature versus nurture:

Diathesis-stress model (most accepted explanation for mental illness)

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14
Q

Diathesis-Stress Model

A

Diathesis- biological predisposition

Stress - environmental stress or trauma

Most accepted explanation for mental illness

Combination of genetic vulnerability and negative environmental stressors

Assertion:

Most psychiatric disorders result from a combination of genetic vulnerability and negative environmental stressors

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15
Q

Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing

A

Promoting mental health through assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of behavioral and mental disorders

The nurse develops a nursing diagnosis and plan of care, implements the nursing process, and evaluates it for effectiveness

Use nursing, psychosocial, neurobiological theories, and research

Work with people throughout the lifespan

Employed in a variety of settings and among varied populations

Registered nurses work with individuals, families, groups, and communities, assessing their mental health needs

Assessing and providing a therapeutic environment or milieu as a treatment and management modality

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16
Q

Trends affecting the future

A

Educational challenges

Demand for mental health professionals

Aging population

Cultural diversity

Science, technology, electronic healthcare

Advocacy & legislative involvement

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17
Q

Classical Psychoanalysis

A

Purpose is to uncover unconscious conflicts

Seldom used today

Intrapsychic conflict ( at an early age) no longer considered to be the cause of all mental illness:

Free association - freely share whatever thoughts/ words come to mind to access the unconscious

Dream analysis

Defense mechanism recognition

Valid tools & concepts:
Transference
Countertransference

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18
Q

Transference

A

refers to unconscious feelings that the patient has toward a healthcare worker that were originally felt in childhood for a significant other

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19
Q

Countertransference

A

refers to unconscious feelings that the healthcare worker has toward the patient

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20
Q

Interpersonal therapy is most effective in treating

A

Grief & loss
Interpersonal disputes
Role transition

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21
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A

Human beings are active participants in life, striving for self-actualization

When lowers needs are met, higher needs are able to emerge

Physiological needs

Safety

Belonging & love needs

Esteem needs

Self-actualization

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22
Q

Implications for nursing

A

Emphasis on human potential & the patient’s strengths

23
Q

Prioritizing

A

establishes what is most important in the sequencing of nursing actions

24
Q

Theory of psychosocial development (Erikson)

A

Eight stages of development

Personality continues to develop through old age

25
Q

Primary prevention

A

Occurs before any problem appears

Seeks to reduce rate of new cases

26
Q

Secondary prevention

A

Early identification of problems, screening, and prompt, and effective treatment

While it does not stop the actual disorder from beginning, it is intended to delay or avert progression

27
Q

Tertiary prevention

A

Treatment with a focus on preventing progression to a severe course, disability, or even death

Closely related to rehabilitation

28
Q

Inpatient Care Settings

A

Crisis Stabilization/Observational Units

General Hospitals & Private Hospitals

State Psychiatric Hospitals

29
Q

Entry to Acute Inpatient Care

A

Direct admission on referral

Emergency department or crisis service

Voluntary or involuntary

Voluntary: you want to be a in psych inpatient unit

Involuntary: you do NOT want to be in a psych inpatient unit

30
Q

Therapeutic Milieu

A

“Middle place”

Surroundings and physical environment
- Managing behavioral crisis
- Safety
- Unit design

Goals of unit design
- Promote an environment of safety and empower patients to partner with clinical staff and take ownership of their own health and safety

31
Q

Enculturation

A

transmission of culture’s worldview, beliefs, values, and practices to its members
-Deviance from cultural expectations can be defined as illness by other members of the group

32
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

The universal tendency of humans to think their way of thinking and behaving is the only correct and natural way.

33
Q

Cultural awareness

A

Examine beliefs, values, and practices of own culture

Recognize that during a cultural encounter, three cultures are intersecting:
Culture of the patient, nurse, and setting

34
Q

Bioethics

A

used in relation to ethical dilemmas surrounding health care

35
Q

Ethics

A

The study of philosophical beliefs about what is considered right or wrong in a society

36
Q

Ethical dilemma

A

conflict between two or more courses of action, each with favorable and unfavorable consequences

37
Q

Autonomy

A

right to make their own decision

38
Q

Beneficence

A

benefit to the patient

39
Q

Nonmaleficence

A

do no harm

40
Q

Justice

A

fairness, equally

41
Q

Fiedely

A

being faithful

42
Q

Veracity

A

being truthful

43
Q

Seclusion

A

involuntary confinement of a patient alone in a room from which the patient is physically prevented from leaving

used for self-destructive or violent behavior

44
Q

Physical Restraint

A

purposely limiting or obstructing the freedom of a person’s bodily movement

45
Q

Mechanical Restraint

A

restraint of a person by the application of a device to the person’s body, or a limb of a person, to restrict the person movement

46
Q

Chemical Restraint

A

the intentional use of any medications to subdue, sedate, or restrain an individual

47
Q

Patients Rights Under the Law

A

Right to treatment
Right to refuse treatment
Right to informed consent

Patient is informed of risks, benefits, and alternatives

Person must voluntarily accept treatment

Implied Consent

Capacity & competency

Rights regarding psychiatric advance directives

Rights regarding restraint and seclusion:

-Orders and documentation

-In an emergency, a nurse may place a patient in seclusion or restraint but obtains a written or verbal order as soon as possible thereafter

-Orders for restraint or seclusion are never written as an as needed or as a standing order

48
Q

Involuntary commitment

A

Emergency commitment. ( temporary admission)

Person confused or demented; emergency admission

Used for observation, diagnosis and treatment

Generally for 24 to 96 hours

Court hearing before discharge or next admission

49
Q

Mental Status Examination(MSE)

A

A component of all medical exams and may be viewed as a psychological equivalent of the physical exam, it is important in neurological and psychiatric evaluations

49
Q

Nursing Process

A

ADPIE

50
Q

SAD PERSONS scale for assessing the risk for suicide:

A

Sex
Age
Depression
Previous Attempt
Ethanol Abuse
Rational Thinking loss
Social Supports Lacking
Organized plan
No spouse
Sickness

51
Q
A
51
Q
A

Mental Health nursing (1 decks)

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