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mental health disorders > mental health disorders common symptoms > Flashcards

mental health disorders common symptoms Flashcards

1
Q
A
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1
Q

long-term effects of alcohol

A

Liver damage

Heart problems

Brain damage

Addiction (Alcohol Use Disorder)

Weakened immune system

Mental health issues

Digestive problems

Weight gain

Sexual dysfunction

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

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2
Q

emotional symptoms of mania

A

Euphoric Mood: Extreme happiness or overly positive emotions.

Irritability: Unusual agitation or anger, often with a low tolerance for frustration.

Increased Self-Esteem: Inflated self-confidence or grandiosity.

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3
Q

emotional symptoms of alcohol use

A

Mood swings

Irritability or aggression

Depression or anxiety

Guilt or shame

Emotional numbness

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4
Q

physical symptoms of alcohol use

A

Slurred speech

Impaired motor coordination

Drowsiness or fatigue

Nausea and vomiting

Headaches or hangovers

Shaking or tremors

Dehydration

Changes in appetite

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5
Q

cognitive symptoms of alcohol use

A

Memory lapses (blackouts):

Poor judgment:

Difficulty concentrating:
.
Confusion or disorientation:

Slowed thinking:

Impaired problem-solving:

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6
Q

behaviors for alcohol use

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Increased risk-taking: Engaging in dangerous activities (e.g., driving under the influence, unsafe sex) due to impaired judgment.

Neglect of responsibilities: Missing obligations due to drinking or hangovers.

Social withdrawal: Isolating or preferring to drink alone.

Frequent intoxication: Regularly getting drunk or drinking more than intended.

Lying or hiding drinking: Being secretive about alcohol use or lying about how much was consumed.

Aggressive or violent behavior:

Disrupted sleep patterns:

Inability to limit consumption: Finding it hard to stop drinking once started, despite intentions to limit intake.

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7
Q

emotional symptoms of depression

A

Persistent sadness or low mood:

Hopelessness:

Irritability or frustration:

Feelings of guilt or worthlessness:

Loss of interest:

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8
Q

physical symptoms of depression

A

Fatigue or low energy:

Changes in sleep patterns:

Changes in appetite or weight:

Slowed movements or speech:

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9
Q

cognitive symptoms of depression

A

Difficulty concentrating:

Indecisiveness:

Memory issues:

Negative thought patterns:

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10
Q

behavioral symptoms of depression

A

Social withdrawal:

Neglect of responsibilities:

Self-isolation:

Substance use:

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11
Q

emotional symptoms of anxiety

A

Excessive worry:

Fear or dread:

Restlessness or feeling “on edge”:

Irritability:

Hypervigilance:

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12
Q

physical symptoms of anxiety

A

Increased heart rate (palpitations):

Shortness of breath:

Sweating:

Muscle tension:

Shaking or trembling:

Dizziness or lightheadedness:

Fatigue:

Digestive issues:

Headaches:

Insomnia:

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13
Q

cognitive symptoms of anxiety

A

Racing thoughts:

Difficulty concentrating:

Overthinking:

Catastrophizing:

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14
Q

behavioral symptoms of anxiety

A

Avoidance:

Compulsive behaviors:

Procrastination:

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15
Q

Delirium Tremens (DTs)

A

a severe and potentially life-threatening form of alcohol withdrawal that typically occurs in individuals with a history of heavy, prolonged alcohol use. It usually starts 2 to 4 days after the last drink but can sometimes occur up to a week later. a medical emergency that requires immediate medical treatment, often in a hospital setting, to manage the symptoms and prevent life-threatening complications.

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16
Q

physical symptoms of dts

A

Severe tremors (shaking):

Uncontrollable shaking, particularly in the hands.

Profuse sweating:

Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia):

High blood pressure:

Fever:

Nausea and vomiting:

Seizures:

Dehydration:

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17
Q

cognitive symptoms of dts

A

Confusion and disorientation:

Severe agitation:

Hallucinations:

Delusions:

Impaired attention:

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18
Q

emotional symptoms of dts

A

Severe anxiety:

Panic attacks:

Paranoia:

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19
Q

behavioral symptoms of dts

A

Restlessness:

Agitation or aggression:

Inability to sleep (severe insomnia):

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20
Q

severe complications of dts

A

Severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance: This can lead to other serious health issues, such as kidney failure or cardiovascular collapse.

Coma: In extreme cases, DTs can progress to a coma, which can be fatal if not treated promptly.

Death: Without proper medical intervention, DTs can be fatal, especially if accompanied by seizures or cardiovascular issues.

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21
Q

alcohol effects on liver

A

fatty liver disease, alcohol hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver failure, liver cancer,

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22
Q

fatty liver

A

Description: The earliest stage of alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD), where fat builds up in the liver cells.

Symptoms: Often asymptomatic but may include fatigue, discomfort, or pain in the upper right abdomen.

Reversibility: This condition is usually reversible with abstinence from alcohol.

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23
Q

Alcoholic Hepatitis

A

Description: Inflammation and swelling of the liver due to excessive alcohol consumption. This can range from mild to severe.

Symptoms:
Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
Abdominal pain
Fever
Nausea and vomiting
Loss of appetite
Fatigue and weakness

Reversibility: Mild cases may improve with abstinence, but severe cases can lead to life-threatening liver failure.

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24
Q

Cirrhosis:

A

Description: The most advanced form of alcohol-related liver disease, where healthy liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue (fibrosis), leading to impaired liver function. Cirrhosis is typically irreversible.

Symptoms:
Severe jaundice
Ascites (fluid buildup in the abdomen)
Edema (swelling in the legs and ankles)
Confusion or difficulty thinking clearly (hepatic encephalopathy)
Internal bleeding (esophageal varices)
Fatigue and muscle wasting
Loss of appetite

Reversibility: Cirrhosis is usually not reversible, though stopping alcohol use can prevent further damage. Liver transplantation may be necessary in severe cases.

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25
Q

Liver Failure

A

Description: The final stage of liver disease, where the liver is no longer able to function properly. This is life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.

Symptoms:
Severe jaundice
Confusion, delirium, or coma (due to the accumulation of toxins)
Bleeding disorders (e.g., easy bruising, nosebleeds)
Liver failure symptoms overlap with cirrhosis symptoms, but with greater severity.

Reversibility: Liver failure is often fatal without a liver transplant.

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26
Q

Liver Cancer

A

Description: Chronic alcohol use significantly increases the risk of developing liver cancer, particularly in individuals with cirrhosis.

Symptoms:
Weight loss
Upper abdominal pain
Nausea and vomiting
Lump or mass in the upper right abdomen
Jaundice

Reversibility: Treatment for liver cancer depends on the stage of cancer but may involve surgery, chemotherapy, or liver transplantation. Alcohol cessation reduces the risk of developing liver cancer.

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27
Q

mechanisms of change

A

toxic byproducts
inflammation
Scarring (fibrosis):

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28
Q

toxic byproducts

A

When the liver breaks down alcohol, it produces toxic substances like acetaldehyde and free radicals, which can damage liver cells.

29
Q

inflammation

A

Chronic alcohol consumption triggers an inflammatory response that further damages liver tissue.

30
Q

Scarring (fibrosis):

A

Over time, inflammation and cell damage lead to scar tissue formation, reducing the liver’s ability to function properly.

31
Q

key points;

A

Alcohol use and damage are dose-dependent: The more you drink and the longer the period, the greater the risk of developing liver-related issues.

Abstinence from alcohol can halt or reverse some of the early stages of liver damage, such as fatty liver and mild alcoholic hepatitis. However, advanced conditions like cirrhosis and liver cancer are often irreversible and require more intensive medical interventions.

32
Q

alcohol use disorder

A
33
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diagnosis criteria for AUD

A
34
Q

risk factors

A

Genetic Factors: A family history of alcoholism can increase the risk.

Environmental Factors: Social and cultural influences, including peer pressure and availability of alcohol, play a role.

Psychological Factors: Mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, or trauma can contribute to alcoholism.

Behavioral Factors: Risky behaviors and habits developed over time can lead to dependence.

35
Q

Physical and Mental Health Impacts

A

Physical Health: Beyond liver damage, chronic alcohol use can lead to cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal problems, neurological damage, and weakened immune function.

Mental Health: Alcoholism often co-occurs with mental health issues like depression and anxiety. It can also impair cognitive function and exacerbate existing mental health conditions.

36
Q

Symptoms and Complications

A

Withdrawal Symptoms: Include tremors, sweating, anxiety, nausea, and in severe cases, delirium tremens (DTs) and seizures.

Complications: Long-term effects include liver disease, heart problems, nutritional deficiencies, and increased risk of various cancers.

37
Q

Treatment and Recovery

A

Detoxification: The process of clearing alcohol from the body, often done under medical supervision to manage withdrawal symptoms safely.
Rehabilitation: Includes inpatient or outpatient programs that provide counseling, therapy, and support.
Behavioral Therapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and motivational enhancement therapy (MET) are effective in helping individuals change their drinking behavior.
Medications: Some medications can help reduce cravings or make drinking less pleasurable, such as disulfiram, naltrexone, and acamprosate.
Support Groups: Groups like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) provide peer support and accountability.

38
Q

Detoxification

A

The process of clearing alcohol from the body, often done under medical supervision to manage withdrawal symptoms safely.

39
Q

Rehabilitation:

A

Includes inpatient or outpatient programs that provide counseling, therapy, and support.

40
Q

Behavioral Therapy

A

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and motivational enhancement therapy (MET) are effective in helping individuals change their drinking behavior

41
Q

Medications:

A

Some medications can help reduce cravings or make drinking less pleasurable, such as disulfiram, naltrexone, and acamprosate.

42
Q

Prevention and Education

A

Education: Understanding the risks associated with alcohol use and the signs of alcoholism can help in early intervention.

Healthy Habits: Promoting healthy coping mechanisms and stress management techniques can reduce the risk of developing AUD.

Community Resources: Local support groups, counseling services, and educational programs can provide assistance and raise awareness.

43
Q

Impact on Relationships and Society

A

Personal Relationships: Alcoholism can strain relationships with family and friends due to behavioral changes, neglect, and conflict.

Work and Social Life: Impaired job performance, absenteeism, and social isolation are common issues for individuals with alcoholism.

Economic Costs: Alcoholism can lead to significant financial strain due to healthcare costs, legal issues, and lost productivity.

44
Q

Legal and Social Implications

A

Legal Issues: Drunk driving and other alcohol-related legal problems can have serious consequences, including fines, license suspension, and imprisonment.

Social Stigma: Alcoholism is often stigmatized, which can discourage individuals from seeking help and lead to feelings of shame and isolation.

45
Q

Role of Family and Friends

A

Supportive Role: Family and friends can provide emotional support, encouragement, and practical assistance throughout the recovery process.

Intervention: In some cases, an intervention might be necessary to encourage the individual to seek help.

46
Q

Family systems

A

developed by Murray Bowen and others, is a framework for understanding how family dynamics influence individual behavior and relationships.

47
Q

Systems Thinking

A

Holistic View: Families are seen as interconnected systems where each member affects and is affected by others. The family functions as a whole rather than focusing on individual members alone.

48
Q

Family Roles and Functions

A

Roles: Each family member plays specific roles, such as caretaker, provider, or mediator, which shape their behavior and relationships.

Functions: Families fulfill various functions, including emotional support, socialization, and economic support.

49
Q

Family Patterns and Dynamics

A

Patterns: Families develop patterns of interaction and communication that influence behavior and problem-solving.

Dynamics: The interactions within the family can either reinforce or challenge existing patterns and roles.

50
Q

Differentiation of Self

A

This refers to an individual’s ability to maintain their sense of self while staying emotionally connected to others. High differentiation allows individuals to think and act independently, while low differentiation can lead to emotional fusion with family members.

51
Q

Emotional Triangles

A

A triangle is a three-person relationship system where a conflict between two people is managed or mediated by involving a third person. Triangles can stabilize relationships but can also create new dynamics and conflicts.

52
Q

Family Projection Process

A

This refers to the way parents project their anxieties or issues onto their children, which can affect the child’s development and behavior. For example, a parent’s anxiety about their child’s performance might lead to excessive pressure or criticism.

53
Q

Multigenerational Transmission Process

A

Patterns and issues are transmitted across generations. This can include family roles, values, and ways of handling emotions or conflicts, which impact how each generation deals with similar issues.

54
Q

Genogram

A

A visual tool used to map out family relationships, patterns, and histories over multiple generations. It helps in identifying patterns and issues within the family system.

55
Q

Family Homeostasis

A

Families strive to maintain stability and balance. When changes occur, the family system may resist or adapt to restore equilibrium. This can influence how families handle stress, change, and conflict.

56
Q

Cutoff

A

A form of emotional distancing or physical separation from family members to manage anxiety or unresolved issues. While it may provide temporary relief, it can also perpetuate unresolved conflicts.

57
Q

Societal Emotional Process

A

The family is influenced by societal and cultural factors, which can impact its functioning and emotional processes. Societal norms and changes can affect family dynamics and individual behavior.

58
Q

Self-Regulation and Boundaries

A

Effective family functioning involves maintaining appropriate boundaries between family members and regulating emotional responses. Clear boundaries help individuals maintain their own identity while being part of the family system.

59
Q

Role of Communication

A

Communication patterns within the family are crucial for understanding and managing family dynamics. Effective communication helps resolve conflicts, express emotions, and support relationships.

60
Q

short term cognitive effects of alcohol

A

Memory Blackouts
Impaired Judgment and Coordination
Slurred Speech
Drowsiness
Reduced Inhibition
Blurred Vision
Decreased Reaction Time
Confusion
Disorientation
Difficulty Concentrating

61
Q

long-term effects of alcohol: cognitive

A

Memory Impairment:

Cognitive Decline:

Attention Deficits:

Dementia:

62
Q

short term neurological effects of alcohol

A

Dizziness or Lightheadedness
Headache
Nausea and Vomiting
Unsteady Gait
Fatigue
Sweating

63
Q

long-term effects of alcohol: nuerological

A

Peripheral Neuropathy:

Brain Atrophy:

Seizures:

Motor Impairments:

64
Q

long-term effects of alcohol: physical health

A

Liver Disease: Conditions such as fatty liver, hepatitis, and cirrhosis.

Cardiovascular Issues: Increased risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke.

Digestive Problems: Issues like gastritis, ulcers, and pancreatitis.

Weakened Immune System: Increased susceptibility to infections and illnesses.

Nutritional Deficiencies: Malnutrition and deficiencies in essential vitamins and minerals.

65
Q

long-term effects of alcohol: psychological

A

Depression:

Anxiety:

Alcohol Dependence: Development of addiction or dependency on alcohol.

66
Q

cognitive symptoms of mania

A

Racing Thoughts: Rapid and often disjointed thinking, jumping from one idea to another.

Distractibility: Difficulty focusing on tasks or being easily sidetracked.

Poor Judgment: Engaging in risky or impulsive behaviors without considering the consequences.

67
Q

behavioral symptoms of mania

A

Increased Activity: Excessive engagement in activities, often with a high level of energy and restlessness

Rapid Speech: Speaking very quickly, talking more than usual, or having difficulty being interrupted.

Sleep Disturbances: Decreased need for sleep, feeling rested after only a few hours of sleep.

68
Q

physical symptoms of mania

A

Hyperactivity: Excessive physical movement or an inability to sit still.

Increased Libido: Heightened sexual drive or engagement in sexual activities.

Decreased Appetite: Reduced interest in eating or significant weight loss.

69
Q

social symptoms of mania

A

Increased Sociability: Engaging in more social interactions or becoming overly talkative.

Impulsivity in Social Situations: Making hasty decisions or engaging in risky social behaviors.

mental health disorders (1 decks)

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