Mental Health Conditions / Environments: Community Based Mental Illness Flashcards
1
Q
Intellectual Disabilities: Causes
A
- genetic, biological, disease, malformation related, caused by something prenatal, or injury
- 34-39% of cases, mostly mild, have no known cause
- onset is in childhood
2
Q
ID: Features
A
- cognitive impairment (IQ<70)
- impairment in adaptive functioning (self-care, social skills, self-direction, safety, etc)
- difficulty with independent functioning in daily life
- most frequent source of disability in childhood
- mild, moderate, severe, or profound
- high comorbidities with everything - mobility, sensory, vision, hearing, weight, all organ systems, skin
3
Q
ID: Occupational Performance
A
- Health: more susceptible to poor health due to genetics, environment and behavior
- – Physical Health: increased risk, obesity
- – Sensory Impairments
- – Mental Health: higher rates, esp GAD, ADHD, conduct disorder, DD
- Adaptive Skills: a person must demonstrate impairment in two areas for diagnosis
- — social skills, language and communication, mobility, community participation
- — Task analysis - OTs find the right fit for individuals
4
Q
ID: Role of OT
A
- Early Intervention
- School setting, pediatric outpatient
- Help individuals develop strategies and acquire skills as well as promote self-determination and self-advocacy
- Improve conditions associated with ID (ex. poor physical health)
- Increasing health promotion behaviors (i.e. incorporating new habits, supporting healthy eating)
- Compensate for sensory impairments by modifying the environment (ex. reduced hearing and vision)
- Consider mental health issues, increase their access to care
- Improve adaptive skills: promoting the development of social skills, using adaptive equipment, sign language to promote communication in important occupation
- Promote community participation: matching jobs with interests
- Environmental factors that increase the risk for ID include poor access to health care and poverty.
- Education to communities, families, and individuals
5
Q
Eating Disorders: Features
A
- overwhelming obsession with thinness
- Anorexia
- Bulimia Nervosa
6
Q
Eating Disorders: Anorexia
A
- calorie restrictions, extreme weight loss, weight control behaviors
- intense fear of gaining weight
- disturbance in how the person views his/her weight
- low weight manifests in physical symptoms - hypothermia, bradycardia, loss of muscle, hormonal problems, etc
- associated with perfectionism and control
- Restrictive Type
- Binge Eating/Purging Type
7
Q
Eating Disorders: Bulimia Nervosa
A
- binging followed by purging/diuretics/laxatives
- recurrent episodes at least twice a week
- often associated with impulsivity
8
Q
Eating Disorders: Occupational Performance
A
- difficulty achieving relationships
- establishing an identity with strong self-esteem
- Anorexia: accomplished academically, struggle socially
- Bulimia: seek out gratification/comfort from others’ approval, dissatisfaction and frustration
- Struggle with stress management, communication, eating as a coping mechanism for feelings
- See habits as a lifestyle choice instead of a clinical problem
9
Q
Eating Disorders: Role of OT
A
- improve self-esteem
- develop positive roles, habits, routines, MOHO
- eating preparation, leisure, social participation
10
Q
Personality Disorders: Features
A
- Cluster A: Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal
- Cluster B: Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic
- Cluster C: Avoidant, Dependant, Obsessive-Compulsive
11
Q
Personality Disorders: Cluster A: Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal
A
- Discomfort in interpersonal situations and relationships
- Emotionally distant, distrustful, and suspicious,
- People tend to interpret the intentions and actions of others as negative and prefer to be alone
- Cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior that are odd or inappropriate
12
Q
Personality Disorders: Cluster B: Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, and Narcissistic
A
- Excessive, unstable, and inappropriate expression of emotions
- Maladaptive interpersonal relationships, and a disregard for the needs and rights of others,
- Impulsivity, irritability, and attention-seeking behaviors
- Identity disturbances
- Narcissistic personality disorder: lack empathy and constantly seek attention and admiration of others, grandiose sense of self.
13
Q
Personality Disorders: Cluster C: Avoidant, Dependent, and Obsessive-Compulsive
A
- The primary trait is anxiety
- Social discomfort, a sense of helplessness, an inability to make decisions, and perfectionism and inflexibility.
- Avoidant personality disorder: socially inhibited and often feel inadequate and overly sensitive, fear of rejection and humiliation
- Dependent personality disorder: fear separation and can exhibit submissive and clinging behavior, need to be taken care of
- Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: preoccupied with perfectionism, mental and interpersonal control, causing them to be inflexible or inefficient.
14
Q
Personality Disorders: Occupational Performance
A
- social participation impairments
- Poor emotional modulation: high intensity, wild quick swings
- Poor coping skills: small problems seem big
15
Q
Personality Disorders: Role of OT - Interventions
A
- Mood stabilization due to often extreme fluctuations
- Appropriate expression of feelings
- Increasing self-concept, self-esteem, insight, and judgment
- Development of appropriate interpersonal relationships
- Effective coping strategies to deal with life stressors and feelings of anxiety
- Conflict resolution skills, social skills, assertive communication
16
Q
Personality Disorders: Role of OT - Approaches to Intervention
A
- Engaging clients in life skills groups to provide opportunities to develop ways of tackling problems and expand their coping skills
- Decrease feelings of anxiety by engaging in relaxation activities or simple tasks to facilitate success and increase self-esteem
- Examining the tasks required and the clients skills available to complete a task
- Potentially supported employment interventions
- Engaging the client in group games and activities that allow the client to experience a sense of fun
17
Q
Mood Disorders: Features
A
- o mood fluctuates more than what is typical for other people and may involve extended periods of extreme sadness or elevated mood
- Depression
- Dysthymic Disorder: similar to depression, less severity, lasts longer, > 2 years
- Bipolar Disorder
- – BPD 1: manic episode or mixed (fluctuates between elevated and depressed)
- – BPD 2: manic episode + hypomanic episode (less severe)
- Cyclothymic Disorder: chronic disorder that involves fluctuations between hypomanic and hypodepressive episodes
