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mental health-antipsychotics Flashcards

1
Q

What is haloperidol primarily used to treat?

A

Schizophrenia and acute psychosis.

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2
Q

True or False: Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic.

A

True.

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: Clozapine is particularly effective for treatment-resistant ______.

A

Schizophrenia.

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4
Q

What is a common side effect of haloperidol?

A

Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS).

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5
Q

Which antipsychotic is associated with a risk of agranulocytosis?

A

Clozapine.

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of action for risperidone?

A

Dopamine D2 receptor antagonist and serotonin 5-HT2A receptor antagonist.

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7
Q

What is the recommended monitoring for patients on clozapine?

A

Regular blood tests for white blood cell counts.

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8
Q

True or False: Haloperidol can be used in the treatment of Tourette syndrome.

A

True.

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9
Q

What is a notable side effect of risperidone related to hormonal changes?

A

Hyperprolactinemia ( a side effect of antipsychotics is elevated prolactin levels).

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: Haloperidol is classified as a ______ antipsychotic.

A

Typical.

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11
Q

What is the primary indication for the use of risperidone?

A

Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

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12
Q

True or False: Clozapine can be used as a first-line treatment for schizophrenia.

A

False.

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13
Q

Which antipsychotic is known to cause the least extrapyramidal symptoms?

A

Clozapine.

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14
Q

What is the primary risk associated with haloperidol overdose?

A

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS).

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15
Q

Multiple choice: Which side effect is most commonly associated with haloperidol?
A) Weight gain
B) Drowsiness
C) EPS
D) Dry mouth

A

C) EPS.

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16
Q

What is the half-life range of risperidone?

A

20 hours.

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17
Q

Fill in the blank: Clozapine requires a ______ monitoring program.

A

Risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (REMS).

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18
Q

What is a potential cardiovascular side effect of antipsychotics?

A

QT prolongation.

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19
Q

True or False: Risperidone is effective for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

A

False.

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20
Q

Which antipsychotic may cause significant sedation?

A

Clozapine.

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21
Q

What is the effect of risperidone on serotonin receptors?

A

It antagonizes serotonin 5-HT2A receptors.

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22
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a contraindication for clozapine? A) History of seizures B) Diabetes C) Hypertension D) Hyperlipidemia

A

A) History of seizures.

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23
Q

What is the primary use of haloperidol in emergency settings?

A

To manage acute agitation or psychosis.

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24
Q

what are antipsychotics also called

A

neuroleptics and tranquillizing agents

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25
how do antipsychotics work?
They give a tranquillizing effect on the brain and they block dopamine receptors in the dopamine receptor pathways in the brain they have a short term and long term sedative effect. reduces the symptoms of psychosis
26
what is psychosis
Psychosis is a severe mental disorder in which thoughts and emotions are impaired that contact is lost with external reality (Hallucinations, delusions and illusions)
27
true or false: Psychoses may be substance-induced such withdrawal from drugs like cocaine.
true
28
true or false: psychoses are do not just happen from substances but also head injuries and tumours
true
29
true or false: antipsychotic drugs can be used to sedate a patient who doesnt have a mental health condition
false, they should never be used for the sole purpose of sedating a patient (Wandering patients, restraining, insomnia or patients who do not cooperate).
30
what are the symptoms of psychosis
- confusion -depression-suicidal thoughts -disorganised thoughts or speech -mania (extreme excitement) -delusions- false beliefs -loss of touch with reality -illusions- mistaken perceptions -hallucinations -unfounded fears or suspicions
31
what are the most common first generation typical antipsychotics
Chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, haloperidol, procloperazine
32
what are the most common second generation atypical antipsychotics
clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, ziprasidone.
33
what is the only third generation antispsychotic
Aripiprazole
34
true or false: second generation drugs are associated with weight gain, carbohydrate metabolism, diabetes and cholesterol
true
35
true or false clozapine and olanzapine is typically used as a first line treatment for schizophrenia
false, has a high risk for severe adverse effects and should only be used if necessary.
36
true or false first generation antipsychotics have a high risk for adverse effects
true
37
tardive dyskinesia
A disorder characterised by involuntary movements (extra-pyrimidal symptoms) most often affecting the mouth, lips and tongue and sometimes the trunk or other parts of the body such as arms and legs. Tardive dyskinesia is caused by taking antipsychotics such as clozapine, haloperidol, olanzepine and can sometimes cause seizures, symptoms of tardive dyskinesia include tongue protrusion, lip smacking, mouth puckering, facial grimercing, excessive eye blinking and writhing movements
38
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
it is a rare, potentially life threatening disorder involving dysfunction of the autonomic system. Muscle tone becomes rigid with tremours body temperature and respiratory rate are elevated tachycardia and blood pressure can be elevated or decreased (unstable bp) consciousness is also severly affected (altered mental status). High fever- hyperthermia. All antipsychotic drugs cause this.
39
Neutropenia
(Decreased white blood cells). Results from taking clozapine or prochlorperazine
40
true or false: Clozapine can also cause myocarditis
true
41
what to do before giving antipsychotics
-Monitor fluid intake and urine output -Obtain a baseline weight -Access the level of psychosis -Check orientation mood and behaviour -Ask if patients are able to swallow tablets -Ask about suicidal thoughts -Ask about smoking as it decreases the effectiveness of some medications (Olanzepine and clozapine)
42
what to do after giving antipsychotics
-monitor fluid intake and output, daily weight -monitor bowel function -report constipation, encourage the patient to drink more fluids -reassess mental status, mood, behaviour -watch for sedation -continue to monitor suicidal thoughts -Give with food if GIT upset symptoms
43
true or false: antipsychotics can be taken during breast feeding
false. Should not be taken during breestfeeding
44
true or false: antipsychotics may cross the placenta and should be avoided during pregnancy
true
45
what is akinesia
A neurological condition characterized by the inability to initiate voluntary movement, often manifesting as slowness or difficulty starting or stopping actions
46
what is Diaphoresis
excessive sweating
47
What is the primary use of olanzapine?
Olanzapine is primarily used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
48
True or False: Quetiapine can be used as an antidepressant.
True
49
What class of medication does lithium belong to?
Lithium is classified as a mood stabilizer.
50
List one common side effect of sodium valproate.
One common side effect of sodium valproate is weight gain.
51
Fill in the blank: The action of carbamazepine is primarily to _______ sodium channels.
stabilize
52
What is a key nursing consideration when administering olanzapine?
Monitor for signs of sedation and metabolic syndrome.
53
True or False: Quetiapine has a lower risk of extrapyramidal symptoms compared to other antipsychotics.
True
54
What is one major side effect of lithium that requires monitoring?
Thyroid dysfunction is a major side effect requiring monitoring.
55
What is the action of sodium valproate?
Sodium valproate works by increasing the availability of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain.
56
Fill in the blank: Quetiapine is often prescribed for _______ and sleep disorders.
depression
57
What is a serious adverse effect of carbamazepine that nurses should monitor for?
A serious adverse effect is agranulocytosis.
58
What type of drug is olanzapine?
Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic.
59
List one nursing intervention for a patient taking sodium valproate.
Monitor liver function tests regularly.
60
True or False: Carbamazepine can induce its own metabolism.
True
61
What is the mechanism of action of lithium?
Lithium modulates neurotransmitter release and alters sodium transport across cell membranes.
62
What is a common side effect of quetiapine?
Common side effects include drowsiness and dizziness.
63
Fill in the blank: The main indication for lithium is _______ disorder.
bipolar
64
What is the primary use of carbamazepine?
Carbamazepine is primarily used to treat epilepsy and trigeminal neuralgia.
65
What should be monitored when a patient is on olanzapine?
Monitor for metabolic changes, including weight gain and glucose levels.
66
What is a potential side effect of sodium valproate related to the gastrointestinal system?
Nausea and vomiting can occur with sodium valproate.
67
True or False: Quetiapine can cause orthostatic hypotension.
True
68
What is one nursing consideration for patients taking lithium?
Ensure adequate hydration to prevent lithium toxicity.
69
What is a unique side effect of olanzapine compared to other antipsychotics?
Olanzapine is associated with a higher risk of weight gain.
70
sodium valproate
-used in all forms of epilepsy -it is the first line treatment of tonic clonic seizures -used to control the acute manic phase of bipolar disorder sodium valproate is converted into valproic acid in the intestines absorption is delayed by food contraindications: pregnancy and child bearing, liver diseases and porphyria side effects: amenorrhoea, hepatotoxicity, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and red cell hyperplasia psychiatric disturbances such as aggression or depression nursing considerations: pregnancy as it is associated with teratogenesis such as spina bifida, should not be used in epileptic patients who are pregnant unless other treatments are ineffective
71
Lamotrigine
anticonvulsant- add on therapy of focal epilepsy and for generalised tonic clonic seizures lennox gastaut syndrome also registered for bipolar disorders absorption is unaffected by food contraindications: impaired renal or hepatic function side effects: steven johnson syndrome (hypersensitivity reaction to the skin), thrombocytopenia, granulocytopenia nursing: hepatic, renal and clotting factors should be moniored gradually taper off medication long term use interferes with folate metabolism
72
carbamazepine
- used as a first line agent for seizures, it is not effective in atonic or absent seizures can be used in the management of pain -absorption is slow but enhanced when taken with food contraindications: 1) atrioventricular heart block 2) history of bone marrow depression 3) porphyria side effects: steven johnson syndrome, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, anaemia, dry mouth nursing considerations: take with food, monitor serum sodium
73
lithium

pharmacology (3 decks)

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