Mental Health Flashcards
What is attention-deficit/Hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)?
developmentally inappropriate degrees of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsiveness
What is a child with ADHD at greater risk for?
- conduct disorder, depression, anxiety, developmental disorders
What are the 3 types of ADHD?
- Hyperactivity- Impulsivenss
- Inattentive
What are some potential causes of ADHD?
Genetic, biochemical, sensorimotor, physiologic and behavioral factors
What are risk factors associated with ADHD?
- familial
- exposure to toxins or medicines
- chronic otis media, meningitis, head trauma
- low birth weight
- prenatal exposures
What symptoms would be associated with inattention type ADHD?
- Does not pay attention to details
- Has difficulty sustaining attention at school
- Does not seem to listen when spoken to
- does not follow through instructions or finish tasks
- has difficulty organizing tasks and activities
- avoids, dislikes or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require mental effort
- often loses things
- is easily distracted
- is forgetful
What symptoms would the nurse see in patients who present with hyperactivity ADHD?
- Often fidgets with hands, feet or squirms
- failure to remain seated
- inappropriate running
- has difficulty playing quietly
- seeming to be busy all the time
How would a patient with impulsivity ADHD present?
- blurts out answers before questions completed
- often has difficulty awaiting turn
- often interrupts or intrudes on others
What diagnostic criteria should a child meet to be diagnosed with ADHD?
- Inattentive type requires at least 6 of the 9 possible symptoms of inattention
- Hyperactive-impulsive type requires at least 6 of the 9 possible symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity
- Combined types require at least 6 of the 9 possible symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity
- Manifestations are present in more than one setting(school and family environment)
- requires that symptom must be present in at least 2 situations and present before the age of 7
What medication would be given for a patient with ADHD?
- Methylphenidate(Ritalin), dextramphetamine
- Atomoxetine(strattera)
- Adderall
Methylphenidate(Ritalin)
- psychostimulant that increases dopamine and norepinephrine
- gradually increase dose to reach therapeutic levels
-Give 30 minutes before meals - ## Give last dose oft the day before 1800 to prevent insomnia
What side effects would be associated with Ritalin?
Insomnia Nervousness Hyper/hypotension Tachycardia Anemia
Atomoxetine
- SNRI
- Gradual increase dose to reach therapeutic levels
- monitor for adverse effects(suicidal ideation)
What therapeutic management would be the first line for a child with ADHD?
Behavioral therapy
What would you incorporate in the plan of care of a child at school with ADHD?
- reduce the amount of homework the child has and give them more time to complete assignments
- Classroom that is in order and consistent rules
- Offer verbal instructions combined with visual cues
- Plan academic subjects in the morning
- Include regular breaks
- Small classroom settings or workgroups
What would you teach a family about the environment at home for a client with ADHD?
- Structural environment
- Chart to assist with organization
- Decrease stimuli
- Consistent study area
- Modeling positive behavior
