Mental Health

Question 1

Affect

Answer 1

A person’s affect is the expression of emotion or feelings displayed to others through facial expressions, hand gestures, voice tone, and other emotional signs such as laughter or tears.

Question 2

Antidepressants

Answer 2

drugs are used to alleviate the symptoms of depression and are also sometimes used to treat other psychological disorders, including anxiety disorders, seasonal affective disorder, and some eating disorders.

Question 3

Anti social personality disorder

Answer 3

also known as psychopathy, sociopathy, dissocial personality disorder, or dyssocial personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder (APD) is a diagnosis applied to persons who routinely behave with little or no regard for the rights, safety, or feelings of others.

Question 4

Anxiety/ anxiety disorders

Answer 4

are a group of mental disturbances characterized by anxiety as a central or core symptom. Although anxiety is a commonplace experience, not everyone who experiences it has an anxiety disorder.

Question 5

Apathy

Answer 5

can be defined as an absence or suppression of emotion, feeling, concern or passion. Apathy is an indifference to things generally found to be exciting or moving.

Question 6

Attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer 6

is a chronic developmental disorder characterized by attention problems, including distractibility, hyperactivity, impulsive behaviors, and the inability to remain focused on tasks or activities.

Question 7

Autism

Answer 7

is a complex developmental disorder distinguished by difficulties with social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and behavioral problems, including repetitive behaviors and narrow focus of interest.

Question 8

Behavior therapy or behavioral modification

Answer 8

is an empirically based psychological treatment approach founded on the principles of operant conditioning. The goal is to replace undesirable behaviors with more desirable ones through positive or negative reinforcement of adaptive behavior.

Question 9

Biofeedback

Answer 9

or applied psychophysiological feedback is a patient-guided treatment that teaches an individual to control muscle tension, pain, body temperature, brain waves, and other bodily functions and processes through relaxation, visualization, and other cognitive control techniques.

Question 10

Bipolar disorder

Answer 10

formerly known as manic depression is a psychiatric disorder characterized by severe and unusual changes in energy level, mood, and interactions with others.

Question 11

Body image

Answer 11

is a mental opinion or description that individuals have of their own physical appearance. It is a subjective concept, based on comparisons to socially constructed standards or ideals.

Question 12

Cognitive behavior therapy

Answer 12

(CBT) is an action-oriented form of psychosocial therapy that assumes that maladaptive, or faulty, thinking patterns cause maladaptive behavior and negative emotions. The treatment focuses on changing individuals’ thoughts (cognitive patterns) in order to change their behavior and emotional state.

Question 13

Delusion/ delusional disorders

Answer 13

is a psychotic condition characterized by recurrent or persistent non-bizarre delusions, without other obvious symptoms of mental illness. Delusions are false beliefs, based on a mistaken interpretation of reality.

Question 14

Depression

Answer 14

is the general name for a family of illnesses known as depressive disorders. As an illness, depression can affect not only the personal mood and internal thoughts of a person, but also the outwardly physical functions of affected individuals.

Question 15

Ego

Answer 15

is that portion of the personality that imposes realistic limitations on the id.

Question 16

Emotional intelligence

Answer 16

ability to perceive and constructively act on both one’s own emotions and the feelings of others.

Question 17

Empathy

Answer 17

The capacity to vicariously experience and understand the thoughts and feelings of another person by putting oneself in that person’s place.

Question 18

Extroversion

Answer 18

A term used to characterize people who are typically outgoing, friendly, and open toward others.

Question 19

Forgetting curve

Answer 19

The general, predictable pattern of the process of forgetting learned information.

Question 20

Id

Answer 20

The id is the part of the personality that includes such basic biological impulses or drives as eating, drinking, eliminating wastes, avoiding pain, attaining sexual pleasure, and aggression. The id operates on the “pleasure principle,” seeking to satisfy these basic urges immediately with no regard to consequence

Question 21

Impulse control disorders

Answer 21

A psychological disorder characterized by the repeated inability to refrain from performing a particular action that is harmful either to oneself or others.

Question 22

Inferiority complex

Answer 22

A psychological condition that exists when a person’s feelings of inadequacy are so intense that daily living is impaired.

Question 23

Introversion

Answer 23

A commonly used term for people who are quiet, reserved, thoughtful, and self-reliant and who tend to prefer solitary work and leisure activities.

Question 24

Mania

Answer 24

A description of the condition opposite depression in manic-depressive psychosis, or bipolar disorder. It is characterized by a mood of elation without apparent reason.

Question 25

Mental imagery

Answer 25

A picture created by the imagination with no visual stimulus required.

Question 26

Narcissism

Answer 26

Excessive preoccupation with self and lack of empathy for others.

Question 27

Obsessive compulsive disorder

Answer 27

Mental illness characterized by the recurrence of intrusive, anxiety-producing thoughts (obsessions) accompanied by repeated attempts to suppress these thoughts through the performance of certain irrational, often ritualistic, behaviors (compulsions)

Question 28

Panic/panic disorders

Answer 28

An acute feeling of intense fear, accentuated by increased heart rate, shortness of breath, sweating, and mild convulsions.

Question 29

Passive aggressive personality

Answer 29

Its main distinguishing feature is indirect resistance to the demands or expectations of others through stubbornness, forgetfulness, inefficiency, procrastination, and other covert means.

Question 30

Placebo

Answer 30

substances with no known pharmacological value that are given to members of a control group in an experiment.

Question 31

Post traumatic stress disorder

Answer 31

A psychological disorder that develops in response to an extremely traumatic event that threatens a person’s safety or life.

Question 32

Psychosis

Answer 32

A symptom of mental illness characterized by a radical change in personality and a distorted or diminished sense of objective reality.

Question 33

Rapid eye movement

Answer 33

rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is also called active sleep because the EEG (electroencephalogram) patterns in this stage are similar to the patterns during the awake stage.

Question 34

Self-esteem

Answer 34

an important component of emotional health, self-esteem encompasses both self-confidence and self-acceptance.

Question 35

Self fulfilling prophecy

Answer 35

An initial expectation that is confirmed by the behavior it elicits.

Question 36

Superego

Answer 36

In psychoanalytic theory, the part of the human personality that represents a person’s inner values and morals; also known as conscience.

Question 37

Aggression

Answer 37

any act that is intended to cause pain, suffering, or damage to another person.

Question 38

Alienation

Answer 38

The state of being emotionally separated from others and from one’s own feelings.

Question 39

Antisocial behavior

Answer 39

A pattern of behavior that is verbally or physically harmful to other people, animals, or property, including behavior that severely violates social expectations for a particular environment.

Question 40

Applied psychology

Answer 40

The area of psychology in which basic theory and research are applied to the actual problems faced by individuals on a daily basis.

Question 41

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 41

he nervous system responsible for regulating automatic bodily processes, such as breathing and heart rate. The autonomic system also involves the processes of metabolism, or the storage and expenditure of energy.

Question 42

Avoidance learning

Answer 42

An individual’s response to avoid an unpleasant or stressful situation; also known as escape learning.

Question 43

Central nervous system

Answer 43

In humans, that portion of the nervous system that lies within the brain and spinal cord; it receives impulses from nerve cells throughout the body, regulates bodily functions, and directs behavior.

Question 44

Classical conditioning

Answer 44

The process of closely associating a neutral stimulus with one that evokes a reflexive response so that eventually the neutral stimulus alone will evoke the same response.

Question 45

Defense mechanisms

Answer 45

Unconscious strategies for avoiding or reducing threatening feelings, such as fear and anxiety.

Question 46

Delay of gratification

Answer 46

The ability to forgo an immediate pleasure or reward in order to gain a more substantial one later.

Question 47

Desensitizations

Answer 47

A behavior modification technique used to combat phobias and other irrational fears.

Question 48

Drug therapy

Answer 48

Medications administered to help people suffering from psychological illnesses.

Question 49

Emotional development

Answer 49

The process by which infants and children begin developing the capacity to experience, express, and interpret emotions.

Question 50

Operant conditioning

Answer 50

Approach to human learning based on the premise that human intelligence and will operate on the environment rather than merely respond to the environment’s stimuli.