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VCE Psychology > Mental Health > Flashcards

Mental Health Flashcards

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0
Q

Mental Health Problem

A

When difficulties experienced by a person are mild, temporary and able to be treated within a relatively short period of time

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1
Q

Mental Health

A

State of emotional and social well being in which individuals realise their own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and can contribute to their community

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2
Q

Mental illness

A

Psychological dysfunction that usually involves impairment in coping ability with feelings and behaviours that are atypical and inappropriate within their culture

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3
Q

Psychological dysfunction

A

Breakdown in cognitive, emotional and/or behavioural functioning, interfering with ability to adjust to challenges of everyday life.

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4
Q

Normal

A

A behaviour is normal when it helps a person to assimilate appropriately into their society and culture and to function independently as expected for their age

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5
Q

Abnormal

A

When a behaviour is statistically unusual, is not socially approved, causes distress to the person or interferes with an individual’s ability to function

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6
Q

Socio-Cultural approach to normality

A

Behaviour that is accepted in a particular society or culture, but not in others

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7
Q

Historical approach to normality

A

Behaviour that is accepted, however it depends on the period of time

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8
Q

Situational approach to normality

A

Behaviour that is accepted in a particular situation

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9
Q

Medical approach to normality

A

Abnormal behaviour is a biological cause and can be diagnosed and treated

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10
Q

Statistical approach to normality

A

Any behaviour characteristic in a large group of individuals is distributed in a particular way; that is, the normal distribution

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11
Q

Functional approach to normality

A

Normal behaviours help the individual function in society

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12
Q

Classification

A

Organising items into groups based on their shared characteristics

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13
Q

Categorical approaches

A

Organises mental disorders into categories, each with specific symptoms and characteristics

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14
Q

DSM-IV

A

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
Categorical system for diagnosing and classifying mental disorders based on recognisable symptoms that are precisely described for each disorder
Symptoms
Prognosis
Progression of symptoms
Prevalence

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15
Q

Prognosis

A

Outlook for patient in long term

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16
Q

Diagnostic criteria

A

Indicates symptoms that are characteristic of the disorder, therefore enabling assessment of the prescience of the disorder

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17
Q

Inclusions criteria

A

Symptoms that must be present for the disorder to be diagnosed

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18
Q

Exclusion criteria

A

Symptoms that must not be present for the disorder to be diagnosed

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19
Q

Polythetic criteria

A

Only some symptoms must be present in order for the disorder to be diagnosed

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20
Q

Axis I of DSM IV

A

Clinical disorders and other conditions that may be a focus of clinal attention
Describes all mental disorders

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21
Q

Axis II if DSM IV

A

Personality disorders and intellectual disabilities

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22
Q

Personality disorders

A

Pattern of inflexible and maladaptive ways of think, feeling and behaving that are often socially unacceptable and have been evident over a long period of time
Eg antisocial personality disorder

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23
Q

Intellectual disabilities

A

Significantly below average level on intellectual functioning
Difficulty in coping with everyday life
Eg. Dependent personality disorder

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24
Q

Axis III of DSM IV

A

General medical conditions that are not mentally based

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25
Q

Axis IV of DSM IV

A

Psychosocial and environmental problems
Potential stressors in everyday life
Can speed up development / worsen disease
Eg. Divorce, debt, trauma, losing a job…

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26
Q

Axis V of DSM IV

A

Global assessment of functioning

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27
Q

GAF

A

Assesses individual’s overall level of psychological, social and occupational function
Out of 100
Lower score=worse

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28
Q

ICD 10

A

International classification of diseases and related health problems
Categorical system for diagnosing and classifying disease and mental disorders based on recognisable symptoms

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29
Q

Dimensional approach

A

Quantifies an individuals symptoms/characteristics into a numerical value and is compadre with ‘statistically normal’ expected values

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30
Q

Graded dimensional approach

A

Giving a score out of 100 for their functioning

Diagnosis at a particular point in time

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31
Q

Transitional approach

A

Giving person several questionnaires/ assessments over time to assess change in mental health

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32
Q

MMPI

A

Scaled based on dimensional approach

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33
Q

Biopsychosocial model

A

Holistic approach to considering physical and mental health interns of the dynamic interaction and integration of biological, psychological and social factors

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34
Q

Biological factors

A

Physiologically based/ determined influences, often not under out control

35
Q

Psychological factors

A

All influences associated with mental processes

36
Q

Social factors

A

Social and cultural

37
Q

Stress

A

State of physiological and psychological arousal produced by internal or external stressors that are perceived by the individual as challenging or exceeding their ability in resources to cope

38
Q

Stressor

  • physical
  • psychological
  • internal
  • external
A

And person, situation or event that produces stress

  • places body under stress
  • how stress is precisely by each person
  • coming from within
  • coming from outside
39
Q

Stress response

A

Involved physiological and psychological changes that people experience when they are confronted by a stressor

40
Q

Mild stress response

A

Elevated level of arousal that can enhance performance

41
Q

Acute stress response

A

Suddenly produces a high level of arousal for a short amount of time

42
Q

Chronic stress response

A

High level p of arousal over a long period of time

43
Q

Fight flight response

A

Involuntary reaction resulting in a state so physiological readiness to deal with a sudden and immediate threat by either confronting it or running away to safety
Eg. Increased hear rate, pupil dilate, increased respiration

44
Q

HPA axis

A

Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal axis

Hypothalamus -> pituitary -> ACTH -> adrenal -> adrenaline, noradrenaline and cortisol -> fight flight response

45
Q

Eustress

A

Positive psychological response to a stressor, as indicate by presence of positive psychological states such as feeling enthusiastic, excited, active and alert

46
Q

Distress

A

Negative psychological response to a stressor, as indicated by presence of negative psychological states such as anger, anxiety, irritability , tension

47
Q

Psychological responses to stress, behavioural changes

A

How a person looks talks or acts

48
Q

Psychological responses to stress, emotional changes

A

Influences that way a person feels

49
Q

Psychological responses to stress, cognitive

A

Difficulties in maintaining focus, concentration, making decisions, thing clearly

50
Q

Catastrophising

A

When an individual dwells on and over emphasises the potential consequences of negative events

51
Q

Disease

A

A condition with a known cause, predictable course and standard protocols of treatment

52
Q

Disorder

A

A set of symptoms that interfere with daily functioning. Symptoms are reasonably consistent among patients but causes may differ

53
Q

Mental disorder

A

Exaggerated forms of thoughts, feelings and behaviour implying the existence of a clinically recognisable set of symptoms and behaviours that usually need treatment to be alleviated

54
Q

Neurosis

A

A disorder in which a person experiences dysfunctional things, but realises that the thinking is irrational

55
Q

Psychosis

A

A disorder in which a person experiences dysfunctional thinking but does not realised that the thinking is irrational- lost touch ti with reality

56
Q

Syndrome

A

A particular profile of symptoms

57
Q

Lazarus and Folkman’s transactional model of stress and coping

A

Stress involves an encounter between an individual and their external environment, and that a stress response depends on the individual’s interpretation of the stressor and their ability to cope with it

58
Q

Primary appraisal

A

Evaluating significance of the situation

59
Q

Harm loss

A

Assessment of how much damage has occurred

60
Q

Threat

A

Assessment of harm loss that hasn’t yet occurred, but may occur in the futurs

61
Q

Challenge

A

Potential for personal gain

62
Q

Coping

A

Process of constantly changing cognitive and behavioural efforts to manage specific internal and/ or external stressors that have appraised as exceeding the resources of the person

63
Q

Secondary appraisal

A

Evaluation of out coping options and resources and out options for dealing with the stressful situation

64
Q

Reappraisal

A

Determining the extent to which additional resources are needed to cope with the situation

65
Q

Problem focused coping

A

Efforts to manage/ change the cause or source of problem

66
Q

Emotional focused coping

A

Strategies attending the emotional responses to a stressor

67
Q

Social readjustment

A

Amount of change in lifestyle a person is forced to make following a specific event in their life

68
Q

Acculturation

A

Adopting the values, customs and language of a new culture

69
Q

Homeostasis

A

Bodily ability to maintain a stable physiological environment by keeping certain bodily conditions constant

70
Q

Allostasis

A

Body’s ability to maintain a stable physiological environment by adjusting and changing to meet internal and external demands

71
Q

Allostatic load

A

Cumulative effects of out body trying to reestablish allostasis in response to frequent and intense stressors

72
Q

Allostasis overload

A

When the demands of a stressor exceed the body’s ability to repeatedly adapt, the person is no longer able to meet the demands

73
Q

Allostasis model

A

Acknowledges that all types of factors within the individual and their external environment are potential stressors

74
Q

Autonomic arousal

A

The response of the autonomic nervous system generally operating below the level of conscious awareness

75
Q

Biofeedback

A

Technique that enables an individual to receive information on the state of bodily processes and with appropriate training, learn to control a related physiological response suing thought processes

76
Q

Meditation

A

Intentional attempt to bring about a deeply relaxed state in order to reduce one or more effects of stress related symptoms

77
Q

Relaxation

A

Any activity that brings about a state of reduces psychological and/ or physiological tension

78
Q

Physical exercise

A

Physical activity that is usually planned and performed to improve/ maintain one’s physical condition

79
Q

Aerobic exercise

A

Sustained increase in oxygen consumption and promotes cardiovascular fitness
Eg running

80
Q

Anaerobic exercise

A

Short bursts of muscular activity that can strengthen muscles and improve flexibility
Eg. Weight training

81
Q

Social support

A

Help or assistance from other people when needed

82
Q

Appraisal support

A

Help from another person that improves the individual’s understanding if the stressful event and the resources and coping strategies that may be needed to deal with it

83
Q

Tangible assistance

A

Provision of material support such as services, financial assistance or goods that may help offset effects of a stressful event

84
Q

Informational support

A

Information from people about how to cope with stressor

85
Q

Emotional stress

A

Targets emotional reactions by reassurance

VCE Psychology (1 decks)

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