Mental Health Flashcards
On a scale of 1 - 10, with 10 being infinite, how proud of we are of you, regardless of exams?
11
What is the “statistical infrequency” definition of abnormality?
Behaviour is considered abnormal if it is statistically rare/infrequent (more than 1 standard deviation above or below the mean)
What is the “deviation from social norms” definition of abnormality?
Behaviour is abnormal if it deviates from the rules in their society.
What is the “failure to function adequately” definition of abnormality?
Behaviour is abnormal if a person is not able to live independently and cope with everyday life (is counterproductive to the individual).
What is the “deviation from ideal mental health” definition of abnormality?
Behaviour is abnormal if it negatively affects their mental wellbeing (not having “ideal mental health”)
What were Marie Jahoda’s six criteria for “ideal mental health” (1958)?
Having:
*A positive attitude towards oneself.
*The opportunity to self-actualize
*The ability to resist stress
*Autonomy (independence)
*An accurate perception of reality
*The ability to adapt to one’s environment
What are the two main ways of categorising disorders?
*The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
*The International Classification of Disorders (ICD)
Who devised the DSM and ICD (difference)?
*DSM - American Psychiatric Association (APA)
*ICD - World Health Organisation (WHO)
What was the controversy surrounding the Approval Panel for the DSM5?
69% of the people on the panel were associated with pharmaceutical companies.
How many editions of the DSM and ICD are there (difference)?
*DSM - 6 editions (DSM5 currently used)
*ICD - 11 editions (ICD11 currently used)
What are the 3 aspects of Mental Health that the DSM5 looks at?
*Medical and Mental Health conditions
*Psychosocial and contextual factors (environment)
*Functioning and Disability.
Give an example of gender bias when diagnosing Personality Disorder.
*Men are more likely to be diagnosed with Antisocial Personality Disorder
*Women are more likely to be diagnosed with Histrionic Personality Disorder
What is Kappa?
A measure of agreement between two clinicians diagnosing the same patient. It measures how likely it is that the diagnosis happened by chance. It ranges from 0-1, with 1 being perfect agreement.
In Rosenhan’s study, describe the symptoms confederates gave to gain admission to psychiatric hospital. (3 exsmples)
*complained of hearing unclear voices saying “Empty, hollow, thud”
*Said the voice was unfamiliar but the same sex as themselves
*Simulated an existential crisis (“who am I? what’s it all for?)
Rosenhan - Ward staff misinterpreted normal behaviour in the confederates. Give two examples.
*writing notes was described as “the patient engaged in excessive writing behaviour “
*arriving early for lunch was described as “oral acquisitive syndrome “
Rosenhan - How long did it take for confederates to convince staff that they were ane (how long did they stay in hospital)?
The shortest stay was 7 days. The longest stay was 52 days. The average stay was 19 days.
Rosenhan - what happened when pseudo-patients approached nurses and attendants with simple requests?
*88% ignored them (walked away)
*10% made eye contact
*2% stopped to talk
Rosenhan - what happened when pseudo-patients approached psychiatrists with simple requests?
*71% ignored them (walked away)
*23% made eye contact
*2% stopped to talk
What is a Tyoe 2 error?
False negative (doctors were more likely to call a healthy person sick than vice versa)
What did Rosenhan tell hospital staff in Experiment 2?
That some of the patients at the clinic for the next three months would be pseudo-patients and that they had to rate the likelihood of a patient being fake on a 10 point scale (there were no pseudo-patients).
