Mental health Flashcards
types of delusions and hallucinatinos in schizophrenia
delusions of reference
-believe that songs, newspaper articles, and other events are personal and significant to them
Grandeur: “I need to get to Washington for my meeting with the president.”
Control: “Don’t drink the tap water. That’s how the government controls us.”
Nihilistic: “It doesn’t matter if I take my medicine. I’m already dead.”
Somatic: “The doctor said I’m fine, but I really have lung cancer.”
tactile hallucination,
gives the client the sensation of being touched.
auditory hallucinations hear sounds and voices others do not.
Disulfiram (Antabuse)
aversion therapy that promotes abstinence from alcohol
.
consumes alcohol =unpleasant side effects (eg, headache, intense nausea/vomiting, flushed skin, sweating, dyspnea, confusion, tachycardia, hypotension)
Avoid hidden alcohol in:
liquid cold and cough medications
aftershave lotions, colognes, and mouthwashes
foods such as sauces, vinegars, and flavor extracts
Abstain from alcohol for 2 weeks after the last dose as the disulfiram reaction could still occur
Wear a bracelet alerting others of being on disulfiram therapy
Schizophrenia S/s
reinforce reality while acknowledging the client’s feelings
Positive S/s
Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganized speech & behavior
Negative (the 5 As)
Affective flattening (reduced emotional expression)
Apathy, avolition (decreased motivation & interest in grooming, activities, work)
Asociality (social isolation)
Alogia (poverty of speech)
Anhedonia (inability to feel pleasure)
acute mania
last at least 1 week
low-stimuli environment
low lighting
private room
one-on-one activities
structured schedule
physical activity
high-protein, high-calorie meals and snacks that are easy to eat
Setting limits on behavior by using a firm communication approach
General adaptation syndrome (GAS)
complex physiological response that occurs after exposure to a perceived stressor (eg, motor vehicle collision)
alarm stage (ie, fight or flight)
resistance stage
body attempts to adapt to the stressor. In this stage, compensatory responses return to baseline
exhaustion stage
hyponatremia
hold the next dose of lithium
notify the health care provider
when serum sodium levels are low, the kidneys reabsorb both sodium and lithium from the urine = life-threatening lithium toxicity
Clozapine (Clozaril)
atypical antipsychotic
to treat schizophrenia that has not responded to standard, more traditional treatment.
risk for agranulocytosis
(dangerously low WBC count)
obtain a baseline complete blood count and ANC
histrionic personality disorder
Attention-seeking
Self-dramatizing, exaggerated or shallow emotional expression
Overly friendly and seductive
Demands immediate gratification and has little tolerance for frustration
delirium
priority: safety
Close observation, including one-on-one supervision
postpartum psychosis
often seen in clients with bipolar disorder
move the pt to a room away from the newborn
ask about thoughts of self-harm,
assist with involuntary placement to a psychiatric hospital.
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome
6-24 hrs
Anxiety, insomnia, tremors, diaphoresis, palpitations, gastrointestinal upset, intact orientation
12-48 hrs
Seizures
hallucinosis
48-96 hrs
Delirium
tremens
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Any prescribed anticonvulsants should be discontinued prior to ECT.
induces a generalized seizure
major depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia
NPO for 6-8 hours prior
except for sips of water with medications
Anesthesia (eg, methohexital, propofol) and a muscle relaxant (eg, succinylcholine) will be administered; clients are unconscious and feel no pain during
Driving is not permitted during the course of ECT treatment
temporary memory loss and confusion in the immediate recovery period are common side effects
Riluzole (Rilutek) is the only medication approved for ALS
slow disease progression and prolong survival by 3-6 months
St. John’s wort XXXX
SSRIs, MAOIs, or tricyclic antidepressants
combinations can cause serotonin syndrome
Scopolamine
anticholinergic
prevent nausea and vomiting from motion sickness
adjunct to anesthesia to control secretions
random med?
Transdermal patch
Apply the patch ≥4 hours before starting travel
Replace the patch every 72 hours
Remove and discard the old patch before placing a new one to prevent accidental overdose
Dispose of the old patch out of reach of children
Wash hands with soap and water after handling the patch to avoid inadvertent drug absorption or contact with the eyes
place new on a hairless, clean, dry area behind the ear
