Mental health Flashcards
mental illness
health conditions involving changes in emotion thinking or behaviour (distress or problems)
what is mental health
state of wellbeing in which they realise their abilities
cope with normal stresses
work productively
contribute to their community
5 steps to mental wellbeing
connect - changing ways we communicate (speak)
be active
take notice
learn new skills
give to others
difference between mental illness and health
the degree it effects our functioning
what’s PA associated with
health e
benefits and reduced mortality rates
% active in 2019-2020
44.9 children 63.3 adults
benefits of PA
reduce risk of anxiety and depression
improve mood
improve self esteem and confidence
improve sleep
increase energy and concentration
managing stress
increase connectedness
holistic definition of PA
affective
social
inherently situated
political
results of meta analysis of PA and mental illness
39 studies
20 used
large effects for depression and schizophrenia
small effects on aerobic capacity and quality of life
issue with the meta analysis of PA and illness
couldn’t determine dose eg time and intensity
didn’t stop meds so that could be impacting
covid and PA
reported number of minutes of PA
902 adults
neg association between MVPA and MH (more PA better MH)
issues with covid study
cross sectional so hard to look at changes over time
self reported MVPA (different for different people)
different PA levels
self selecting sample (most were active)
didn’t account shielding
Domains in PA
total or specific (leisure, work, commuting etc)
domain specific PA met analysis
leisure and transport more associated with positive
work negative outcome
household and PE no relationship
what did domain meta analysis show
domain in which we do it is ver important eg leisure is by choice work compulsory
psychological mechanisms
enhances self efficacy
social interaction hypothesis - lots of time alone but still get a benefit so not sole explanation
distraction hypothesis - short term
physiological mechanisms
monoamine hypothesis
endorphin hypothesis
time meaning sedentary behaviour
6-10 hrs sitting per day
associations with sedentary behaviour
poorer mental health
increase risk of anxiety
sleep disorders
5-10%increased depressions but replacing 60mins of daily SB can reduce new cases by 12.5%
meta analysis of SB and risk of depression
13 cross sectional and 11 longitudinal suggest different types of sedentary activities have different associations with mental health
domain specific SB and MH in older adults
screen time and more leisure sedentary time. associated with lower psychological distress
more transport sedentary time higher distress
mechanisms of SB and MH
may link with cardio metabolic risk factors
passive sed activities may encourage social isolation
inflammatory process with C reactive protein
displace time spent in more important activities causing stress
increased CNS involvement causing anxiety
severe mental illness (SVM)
engage less PA than general population
benefits of PA for serve mental health
improve BMI, quality of life, social functioning, reduced depression
barriers to exercise and SMI
low mood
stress
lack of support
tiredness
poor physical health
low motivation
research for PA and mental illness
more research required in early phase of illness
should focus on pragmatic ways to promote PA
controlled for ‘dose’
reasons for SMI to exercise
lose weight
manage mood
reduce stress
improve physical health
improve sleep
practical recommendations for PA and Mental illness
qualified exercise professionals to lead PA
beneficial ax an adjunctive treatment to improve cognition
used to improve physical health
when does PA become a problem for MH
compulsive (0.5%) or addictive behaviour
issues with definitions, measurements and cultural differences
PA and eating disorders
thin ideal and problematic PA (PPA)
PA actively discouraged eating disorders
exercise and bipolar
PA appropriate to reduce depressive symptoms but can exaggerate symptoms of mania
type of activity is important
what WHO need to add for PA guidelines for MH
the risk of non communicable disease
type and dose
