Mental health

Question 1

mental illness

Answer 1

health conditions involving changes in emotion thinking or behaviour (distress or problems)

Question 2

what is mental health

Answer 2

state of wellbeing in which they realise their abilities
cope with normal stresses
work productively
contribute to their community

Question 3

5 steps to mental wellbeing

Answer 3

connect - changing ways we communicate (speak)
be active
take notice
learn new skills
give to others

Question 4

difference between mental illness and health

Answer 4

the degree it effects our functioning

Question 5

what’s PA associated with

Answer 5

health e
benefits and reduced mortality rates

Question 6

% active in 2019-2020

Answer 6

44.9 children 63.3 adults

Question 7

benefits of PA

Answer 7

reduce risk of anxiety and depression
improve mood
improve self esteem and confidence
improve sleep
increase energy and concentration
managing stress
increase connectedness

Question 8

holistic definition of PA

Answer 8

affective
social
inherently situated
political

Question 9

results of meta analysis of PA and mental illness

Answer 9

39 studies
20 used
large effects for depression and schizophrenia
small effects on aerobic capacity and quality of life

Question 10

issue with the meta analysis of PA and illness

Answer 10

couldn’t determine dose eg time and intensity
didn’t stop meds so that could be impacting

Question 11

covid and PA

Answer 11

reported number of minutes of PA
902 adults
neg association between MVPA and MH (more PA better MH)

Question 12

issues with covid study

Answer 12

cross sectional so hard to look at changes over time
self reported MVPA (different for different people)
different PA levels
self selecting sample (most were active)
didn’t account shielding

Question 13

Domains in PA

Answer 13

total or specific (leisure, work, commuting etc)

Question 14

domain specific PA met analysis

Answer 14

leisure and transport more associated with positive
work negative outcome
household and PE no relationship

Question 15

what did domain meta analysis show

Answer 15

domain in which we do it is ver important eg leisure is by choice work compulsory

Question 16

psychological mechanisms

Answer 16

enhances self efficacy
social interaction hypothesis - lots of time alone but still get a benefit so not sole explanation
distraction hypothesis - short term

Question 17

physiological mechanisms

Answer 17

monoamine hypothesis
endorphin hypothesis

Question 18

time meaning sedentary behaviour

Answer 18

6-10 hrs sitting per day

Question 19

associations with sedentary behaviour

Answer 19

poorer mental health
increase risk of anxiety
sleep disorders
5-10%increased depressions but replacing 60mins of daily SB can reduce new cases by 12.5%

Question 20

meta analysis of SB and risk of depression

Answer 20

13 cross sectional and 11 longitudinal suggest different types of sedentary activities have different associations with mental health

Question 21

domain specific SB and MH in older adults

Answer 21

screen time and more leisure sedentary time. associated with lower psychological distress
more transport sedentary time higher distress

Question 22

mechanisms of SB and MH

Answer 22

may link with cardio metabolic risk factors
passive sed activities may encourage social isolation
inflammatory process with C reactive protein
displace time spent in more important activities causing stress
increased CNS involvement causing anxiety

Question 23

severe mental illness (SVM)

Answer 23

engage less PA than general population

Question 24

benefits of PA for serve mental health

Answer 24

improve BMI, quality of life, social functioning, reduced depression

Question 25

barriers to exercise and SMI

Answer 25

low mood
stress
lack of support
tiredness
poor physical health
low motivation

Question 26

research for PA and mental illness

Answer 26

more research required in early phase of illness
should focus on pragmatic ways to promote PA
controlled for ‘dose’

Question 27

reasons for SMI to exercise

Answer 27

lose weight
manage mood
reduce stress
improve physical health
improve sleep

Question 28

practical recommendations for PA and Mental illness

Answer 28

qualified exercise professionals to lead PA
beneficial ax an adjunctive treatment to improve cognition
used to improve physical health

Question 29

when does PA become a problem for MH

Answer 29

compulsive (0.5%) or addictive behaviour
issues with definitions, measurements and cultural differences

Question 30

PA and eating disorders

Answer 30

thin ideal and problematic PA (PPA)
PA actively discouraged eating disorders

Question 31

exercise and bipolar

Answer 31

PA appropriate to reduce depressive symptoms but can exaggerate symptoms of mania
type of activity is important

Question 32

what WHO need to add for PA guidelines for MH

Answer 32

the risk of non communicable disease
type and dose