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APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY💊 > Mental Health > Flashcards

Mental Health Flashcards

1
Q

Typical Antipsychotic - Example

A
  • haloperidol
  • chlorpromazine
  • prochlorperazine
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2
Q

Typical antipsychotics - Indications

A

Schizophrenia
Bipolar disorder
nausea and vomiting

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3
Q

Typical antipsychotics - MOA

A

They act by blocking post-synaptic dopamine D2 receptors in the dopaminergic pathways in the brain. blockade increases levels of dopamine in the synaptic cleft and produces antipsychotic effects.

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4
Q

Typical antipsychotics - Side Effects

A

Extrapyramidal effects = acute dystonic reaction, akathisia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
can also cause drowsiness, hypotensions and prolongation of QT

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5
Q

Typical antipsychotics - Caution

A

elderly,
dementia
parkinson’s disease

avoid giving with drug that prolong the QT

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6
Q

Atypical Antipsychotic - Example

A
  • quetiapine
  • olanzapine
  • risperidone
  • clozapine
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7
Q

Atypical antipsychotics - Indications

A

severe psychomotor agitation = violent/aggressive behaviour
Schizophrenia
Bipolar disorder

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8
Q

Atypical antipsychotics - MOA

A

They act by blocking postsynaptic dopamine D2 receptors in the dopaminergic pathways within the brain. The blockade increases levels of dopamine in the synaptic cleft producing antipsychotic effects.

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9
Q

Atypical antipsychotics - Side Effects

A

Sedation, extrapyramidal effects, weight gain
can also cause QT prolongation and arrhythmias
agranulocytosis and myocarditis (clozapine)

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10
Q

Atypical antipsychotics - Contraindications

A

Do not give in severe heart disease or neutropenia

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11
Q

Atypical antipsychotics - Caution

A

Cardiovascular disease

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12
Q

SSRI - Example

A
  • citalopram
  • fluoxetine
  • sertraline
  • escitalopram
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13
Q

SSRIs - Indications

A

moderate to severe depression
panic disorder/anxiety
OCD

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14
Q

SSRIs - MOA

A

Act by inhibiting neuronal reuptake channels for 5-HT/serotonin. This results in more serotonin in the synaptic cleft available for neurotransmission. This allows improvement in the mood and physical symptoms of depression, panic disorder and OCD

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15
Q

SSRIs - Side Effects

A

GI upset, changes to appetite and weight and hypersensitivity (skin rash)
it can also cause suicidal thoughts/behaviours,
lower seizure threshold
may prolong QT interval
increased bleeding risk

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16
Q

SSRIs - Caution

A

avoid in epilepsy, peptic ulcer and young people

avoid prescribing with MOA-B inhibitors and drugs which prolong QT

17
Q

Lithium - Indication

A

Bipolar disorder
psychomotor agitation
recurrent depression

18
Q

Lithium - MOA

A

It acts to increase GABA which downregulates the NMDA receptor. This in turn reduces pre-synaptic dopaminergic activity. Lithium also reduces glutamate levels. Collectively this all helps to reduce symptoms and stabilise mood.

19
Q

Lithium - Side Effects

A

abdo discomfort, N&V and dry mouth commonly.

more serious effects include lithium toxicity and neuropathy

20
Q

Lithium - Contraindication

A

Do no give lithium to someone with addison’s disease, Brugada syndrome, cardiac insufficiency/arrhythmia
untreated hypothyroidism

21
Q

Lithium - Caution

A

cardiac disease,
elderly
epileptic
diuretic treatment and MG

avoid prescribing with diuretics, K+sparing drugs , ACEi/NSAIDs and theophylline

22
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressant - Example

A
  • amitriptyline

- lofepramine

23
Q

Indications for tricyclic antidepressants

A

second line for moderate to severe depression

neuropathic pain

24
Q

Tricyclic antidepressants - MOA

A

They inhibit the neuronal reuptake of 5-HT/serotonin and noradrenaline (SNRI) from the synaptic cleft which means there is increasing availability for neurotransmission. this improves mood and the physical symptoms of depression

25
Q

Tricyclic antidepressants - Side effects

A

dry mouth, urinary retention and blurred vision

can also cause arrhythmias and hallucinations/mania

26
Q

Tricyclic antidepressants - Caution

A

elderly
epilepsy
CVD, glaucoma

avoid prescribing with monoamine-oxidase inhibitors

APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY💊 (11 decks)

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