Mental Health Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the difference between a hallucination and an illusion?

A

Perceptual abnormalities
Hallucination - in absence of external stimuli
Illusion - misinterpreted external stimuli

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2
Q

Bizarre vs non-bizarre delusions

A

Bizarre - cannot be true e.g. i can fly

Non-bizarre -can be true e..g i won the lottery

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3
Q

What is classified as treatment resistant schizophrenia?

A

persistent +ve symptoms despite trials of ≥ 6 weeks of 2 diff antipsychotics at their maximum doses

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4
Q

What is a confabulation?

A

Lying without intent to deceive - may genuinely believe they’re telling the truth

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5
Q

What is the interaction between prolactin and some anti-psychotics?

A

Dopamine inhibitor of prolactin secretion

Blockage of D2 receptors by some anti-psychotics cause hyperprolactinaemia

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6
Q

What is a Section 135?

A

Police + healthcare professionals enter home (need warrant from magistrate)
Take to place of safety - home/police station/hospital
Up to 36 hours

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7
Q

What is a section 136?

A

Police can take you to place of safety from public place

Up to 24 hrs - can extend further 12 hrs

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8
Q

What is a section 2?

A

Detainment when lack capacity
Up to 28 days for assessment + possible treatment
X be extended/reviewed, can section under section 3

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9
Q

What is section 3?

A

Detainment if treatment can’t be given unless you’re in hospital
Up to 6 months, then 6 months, then 12 month periods

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10
Q

How is assessment carried out in patients who are sectioned?

A

Approved Mental Health Professional (AMHP)
Registered Medical practitioner - usu pt GP
Section 12 approved doctor - usu psychiatrist
AMHP makes final decision

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11
Q

What is the difference between atypical and typical antipsychotic medications?

A

Typical - D2 receptor blockade

Atypical - less D2, more 5-HT2 receptor

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12
Q

What systems do atypical and typical anti-psychotics mainly target?

A

Atypical - tuberoinfundibular pathway

Typical - meso-limbic system

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13
Q

What other pathways do typical antipsychotics target?

A

Serotonergic, Noradrenergic, Histaminic

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14
Q

What are the main side effects of typical antipsychotics?

A

Extra pyramidal symptoms - Parkinsonism, Akathisia, Tardive dyskinesia, Dystonic reaction, long QTc

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15
Q

What are the 3 main signs of Parkinsonism?

A

Bradykinesia, Rigidity, Tremors

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16
Q

What are the main side effects of atypical antipsychotics?

A

Increased prolactin
Can get microadenomas in pit gland
↑ed risk metabolic syndrome - diabetes, ↑ BP, obesity

17
Q

What is the main antipsychotic used for treatment resistant schizophrenia?
What type of anti-psychotic is it?
What receptor does it have highest affinity for?

A

Clozapine, Atypical, D4 receptors

18
Q

What do you have to monitor in a pt taking clozapine?

Why?

A

Baseline FBC, continue monitoring as pt on it

Risk of agranular cytosis - bone marrow suppressed, x make WBC/RBC