Mental Disorders Flashcards
Name the 3 types of mental disorders?
1-Phobias 👻
2-Depression 🙍🏽
3-OCD ⛑
What is the definition of a phobia?
What does the anxiety do in regard to day to day living?
A group of mental disorders characterised by high levels of anxiety in response to a particular stimulus or group of stimuli
The anxiety interferes with normal living
What is the definition of depression? 🙍🏽💊
Key characteristics?
A mood disorder where an individual feels sad and/or lacks interest in their usual activities.
- irrational negative thoughts
- raised of lowered activity levels
- difficulties with concentration 💭, Sleep 💤 and eating 🍜
What is he definition of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
What are obsessions?
What are compulsions?
How do they both interlink?
An an anxiety disorder where anxiety arises from both obsessions and compulsions.
Obsessions = persistent thoughts 🔄💭
Compulsions = Behaviors that are repeated over and over again 🔄🔄🔄
Compulsions are a response to obsessions as the sufferer believes the compulsions will reduce anxiety
Phobias-
What do the irrational fears lead to ?
Conscious avoidance of a feared object or situation
Phobias-
Emotional characteristics
-😷😓🤒 ⬇️ -😮😱 ⬇️ -😈👻
-Marked and persistent fear (irrational) ⬇️ -Feelings of anxiety and panic ⬇️ -Cued by the presence/anticipation of a specific object or situation (out of proportion to actual danger proposed
Phobias-
Behavioural characteristics
2 key behavioural characteristics:
- 🏃🏽
- ❄️ or 💀
- Avoidance 🏃🏽
- Freeze❄️ or Faint💀
Phobias-
Behavioural characteristics
How does “avoidance” have a negative impact on a person’s life?
Avoidance interferes significantly with a person’s normal routine, occupation, social activities and relationships which all in all affect day-to-day living
Phobias-
Cognitive characteristics
What is the defining characteristic of a phobia holder’s mindset? ✳️
Irrational nature of a person’s thinking and resistance to rational arguments
Phobias-
Cognitive characteristics
What is a further defining characteristic of a phobia holder’s own acknowledgements? ✳️
The person recognises their fear is excessive and unreasonable (may be absent in children)
Depression-
Emotional characteristics
What does a formal diagnosis of “major depressive disorder” require?
The presence of at least 5 symptoms (must include either sadness/loss of interest and pleasure in normal activities)
Depression-
Emotional characteristics
What is common of those in a depressive state?
Negative emotions (worthlessness/hopefulness/low self-esteem/sadness)
Depression-
Behavioural characteristics
- What happens to activity level?
- Sleeping patterns?
- Appetite?
- shift in activity levels (reduced or increased)
- either sleep more 💤⬆️ or sleep less ⬇️
- Increased appetite 🍜⬆️ or reduced appetite 🍜⬇️
Depression-
Cognitive characteristics
-
- negative self-concept 🙍🏽
- negative view of the world 🌎
Depression-
Cognitive characteristics
What can negative expectations be?
⬇️
What does this then do in regard to negative self-beliefs?
Negative expectations cane be self-fulfilling
⬇️
This then goes on to confirm negative self-beliefs
OCD-
Emotional characteristics
What do the obsessions and compulsions cause?
Considerable anxiety and distress
OCD-
Emotional characteristics
What are sufferers aware of in regard to their Behaviour?
⬇️
What does this cause to sufferers
They are aware that their behaviour is excessive
⬇️
causes embarrassment and shame
OCD-
Cognitive characteristics
What are obsessions?
Recurrent, intrusive thoughts
OCD-
Cognitive characteristics
What are impulses?
(How can they be perceived?)
Repetitive behaviours that can be perceived as inappropriate or forbidden
OCD-
Cognitive characteristics
How are these thoughts and impulses seen as?
Uncontrollable which cause anxiety
OCD-
Cognitive characteristics
What does a person realise the obsessional thoughts and impulses are from?
Products of their own mind
OCD-
Behavioural characteristics
Why are compulsive behaviours performed?
To reduce the anxiety created by obsessions
OCD-
Behavioural characteristics
What are two key traits of compulsions?
The way it can be performed? 💭 & 🙌🏾
Repetitive and unconcealed
Mental (I.e. Praying 🙏🏾) or physical (I.e. Hand-washing)
OCD-
Behavioural characteristics
Why do patients feel compelled to perform certain actions?
Must perform these actions or otherwise something dreadful might happen (creates anxiety).
