Mental Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the emotional characteristics of phobias

A
  • Fear that’s marked and persistent, likely to be excessive and unreasonable. Coupled with anxiety and panic
  • These emotions are cued by the presence of anticipation of a object or situation and are out proportion to the actual danger posed.
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2
Q

Describe the behavioural characteristics of phobias

A
  • Avoidance when faced with object or situation that creates fear. Interferes with normal routines and marked distress about having the phobia.
  • Freezing or fainting (flight, fight or freeze response). This is an adaptative response as a predator may think the prey is dead
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3
Q

Describe the cognitive characteristics of phobias

A
  • Irrational nature of the person’s thinking and resistance to rational arguments.
  • Person recognises fear is excessive which distinguishes between phobias and delusional mental illness where they aren’t of the unreasonableness
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4
Q

Describe the emotional characteristics of depression

A
  • Sadness is common along with feeling empty, hopeless, worthless and/or low self-esteem
  • Loss of interest in hobbies associated with feelings of despair
  • Anger directed at others or oneself, may arise from feelings of being hurt and wishing to retaliate.
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5
Q

Describe the behavioural characteristics of depression

A
  • Shift in activity (reduced or increased). Reduced energy, tiredness and wish to sleep all the time while others may be agitated and restless, pace around a room, tear at skin or wring their hands.
  • Sleep affected; much more or insomnia
  • Appetite affected; reduced or more than usual
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6
Q

Describe the cognitive characteristics of depression

A
  • Negative thoughts; negative self-concept, guilt, sense of worthlessness
  • Negative view of the world and then negative expectations about their lives when can be self-fulfilled
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7
Q

Describe the emotional characteristics of OCD

A
  • Obsessions and compulsions are a source of considerable anxiety
  • Suffers are aware behaviour is excessive which causes embarrassment
  • Common obsession with germs which gives rise to feelings of disgust
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8
Q

Describe the behavioural characteristic of OCD

A
  • Compulsive behaviours are performed to reduce anxiety created by obsession. They’re repetitive and unconcealed (washing hands or checking) may be mental acts (counting)
  • They feel compelled to do these actions otherwise something dreadful may happen, creating anxiety
  • Behaviours aren’t realistically connected with what they’re trying to prevent. Some may experience compulsive behaviours with no obsessions e.g. avoid certain objects.
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9
Q

Describe the cognitive characteristics of OCD

A
  • Obsessions are recurrent, intrusive thoughts that are inappropriate or frightening so the person doesn’t share them
  • They are seen as uncontrollable thoughts which creates anxiety. Person recognises thoughts are a product of their own mind (rather than schizophrenia)
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