Mental/Cognition/Learning Flashcards
communication
what is it, what means are used
exchange of information through common networks or system of symbols
language
formal set of rules used in communication for information and transfer of information by way of symbols
verbal communication
the produced sounds
nonverbal communication (10)
- hand gestures
- sign language
- eye contact
- body language
- written information
- facial expression
- gestures
- nodding
- information
- pitch and loudness of voice
Language Function
–what complex process does communication using language use?
communication using language involves a complex process IN RECEPTIVE LANGUAGE FUNCTION 1. hearing 2. comprehension
OUT EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE FUNCTION 3. thought/word finding 4. voice production 5. articulation (motor control)
Language Function
Sensory Component
- visual (body position, face)
2. auditory (tone of voice, loudness, softness)
Language Function
motor component
- oral
- written
- gestures
Neuroanatomy of Language
- sensory
- motor
- articulate fasiculus
Sensory:
- primary auditory area: superior central gyrus (Heschel’s Gyrus)
- auditory association cortices: area 42 of superior temporal gyrus (Heschel’s Gyrus)
* *Wernickes area is in superior central gyrus
Motor
Broca’s area–located in the frontal lobe near the primary motor cortex
Articulate Fasiculus: connects brocas and wernickes area
Articulate Fasiculus:
connects two important areas for language use:
Broca’s area in the inferior frontal gyrus and
Wernicke’s area in the posterior superior temporal gyrus
Aphasia:
What is it
How does it effect the motor production of speech?
What centers are involved?
Name them (7)
inability to use language to communicate
- motor production of speech is not impaired
- the language centers are involved
- Wernicke’s aphasia
- Broca’s Aphasia
- Sensory/receptive aphasia
- expressive/motor aphasia
- semantic paraphasia
- phonemic paraphasia
- global aphasia
Wernicke’s Aphasia
what disability?
what is intact?
They cannot understand written or spoken words
FLUENT but words are MEANINGLESS
word salad: “door paper, fish, knife, banana, spoon”
LOW comprehension
HIGH production
**NOTE: they still have nonverbal communication and cab both express themselves and understand others nonverbally
bavel
Broca’s Aphasia
what disability?
what is intact?
NONFLUENT aphasia
(more common)
- no motor problem but they cannot produce words
- they HAVE comprehension but CANNOT get the words out
- -can be mute or certain words are difficult to say–word on the tip of tongue but cannot get the words out
- –may show telegramatic speech: overwhelm with gestures trying to get the words out - automatic language intact – can sing happy birthday–melodic intonation therapy
- LOW production
HIGH comprehension
Who would you test and ask to repeat:
“no ifs ands or buts?
Brocas Aphasia
they have a hard time with short words, connecting words, pronouns are hard for them
Sensory/receptor aphasia
what disability?
what is intact?
Wernicke’s Aphasia or fluent aphasia
patient cannot understand the written and/or spoken word despite intact hearing and vision
fluent speech that is often meaningless (unable to self monitor)
CAN do nonverbal communication
Expressive/motor aphasia
what disability?
what is intact?
broca’s aphasia/nonfluent aphasia
–have full understanding only cannot produce –strategy to ask YES/NO questions
inability to produce words but no problems with motor apparatus of speech
**spoken and written language (can draw pictures)
patient appears to hesitate, tries to adjust for errors
range of disability from problems with word finding to complete loss of speech
automatic language is usually intact (ie singing)
commonly have hemipareisis
Which aphasia:
inability to produce words but no problems with motor apparatus of speech
Broca’s
Which aphasia
patient cannot understand the written and/or spoken word despite intact hearing and vision
Wernicke’s
which aphasia
range of disability from problems with word finding to complete loss of speech
Broca’s
Which aphasia
fluent speech that is often meaningless (unable to self monitor)
Wernicke’s
which aphasia
CAN do nonverbal communication
both Broca and Wernicke’s
Which aphasia
automatic language is usually intact (ie singing)
Broca’s
Which aphasia
strategy: have full understanding only cannot produce –strategy to ask YES/NO questions
Broca’s
T/F
Broca’s Can draw Pictures
TRUE
Does Broca’s have:
agraphia?
alexia?
they have agraphia: cannot write
they do NOT have alexia
they can understand
Wernicke’s have:
agraphia?
alexia?
they can write but it will not make sense
they DO have alexia
Wordfinding Problems
what is the sx
name 2
patient appears to know what to say but cannot get the words out
semantic paraphasia
phonemic paraphasia
what type of aphasia commonly in hemiparesis
Broca’s Aphasia
semantic’s paraphasia
substitution of a similar word
phonemic aphasia
use of a similar sounding word – either real or neologistic
“I am holding a fen”
During a naming assessment task the following error type occurs;
Ex. target word: apple
Pt. response: fruit, pie, orange
a. semantic paraphasia
b. phonemic paraphasia
c. circumlocution
d. neologism
a. semantic paraphasia
An individual with aphasia produces a nonesense word or phrase bearing no apparent relationship to the target, he is exhibiting what kind of naming error? Target: cheese Response: butkey a. semantic paraphasia b. phonemic paraphasia c. circumlocution d. neologism
d. neologism
Aphasia naming errors that produce a real word but bear no apparent relationship to the target word is called a(n) ____________ error.
Target: car
Response: Moon
a. circumlocution
b. phonemic paraphasia
c. neologism
d. unrelated word
d. unrealted word error
An individual with aphasia produces a phonologically similar word such as Maggots for Maggie he has performed a(n) _________.
a. semantic paraphasia
b. phonemic paraphasia
c. circumlocution
d. neologism
b. phonemic paraphasia
An individual with Aphasia gives a meaningful description of the targeted word but never produces the target during a confrontation naming task, what error has occured?
a. semantic paraphasia
b. phonemic paraphasia
c. circumlocution
d. neologism
c. circumlocution
agraphia
cannot write or print words BUT upper extremity strength and coordination are intact
alexia
which aphasia can/cannot
cannot read printed words
BROCA’s CAN READ
which aphasia is fluent
wernicke
which aphasia is nonfluent
broca
which aphasia has alexia
wernicke’s
which aphasia has agraphia
broca’s
which have wordfinding problems:
PD
MS
SCI
BRain tumor
brain tumor–depending on where the lesion is
NOT parkinsons
NOT SCI
MS it is rare
Global aphasia
–what is it
–what can they do
–what causes it
both systems are affected: sensory and expressive (receptive and motor)
combined aspect of sensory and expressive aphasia
ability to gesture can be retained
large cortical lesion (MCA)
associated with hemiparesis
Dysarthria
what is it
cause
sx
speech production affected by
- weakness
- dyscoordination
- spasticity
- hypotonia
–nothing is wrong with comprehension, only speech production
IT IS NOT APHASIA
- speech is often slurred or distorted
- different types of dysarthria that depend on location of the injury
- phonation, respiration, resonance, prosady of speech, intonation, articulation, lack of motor control, or strength, breath support
is dysarthria a type of aphasia
dysarthria is NOT a type of aphasia
condition where speech is often slurred or distorted
dysarthria
speech production affected by
- weakness
- dyscoordination
- spasticity
- hypotonia
-phonation, respiration, resonance, prosady of speech, intonation, articulation, lack of motor control, or strength, breath support
